PMID- 36429906
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221129
LR  - 20230123
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 22
DP  - 2022 Nov 17
TI  - Effects of Distracting Behaviors on Driving Workload and Driving Performance in a 
      City Scenario.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph192215191 [doi]
LID - 15191
AB  - Distractors faced by drivers grow continuously, and concentration on driving 
      becomes increasingly difficult, which has detrimental influences on road traffic 
      safety. The present study aims to investigate changes in driving workload and 
      driving performance caused by distracting tasks. The recruited subjects were 
      requested to drive along a city route in a real vehicle and perform three 
      secondary tasks sequentially. Electrocardiography and driving performance were 
      measured. Heart rate variability (HRV) was adopted to quantitatively analyze the 
      driving workload. Findings show that: (i) increments are noticed in the root mean 
      square differences of successive heartbeat intervals (RMSSD), the standard 
      deviation of normal-to-normal peak (SDNN), the heart rate growth rate (HRGR), and 
      the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency powers (LF/HF) compared to 
      undistracted driving; (ii) the hands-free phone conversation task has the most 
      negative impacts on driving workload; (iii) vehicle speed reduces due to 
      secondary tasks while changes in longitudinal acceleration exhibit inconsistency; 
      (iv) the experienced drivers markedly decelerate during hands-free phone 
      conversation, and HRGR shows significant differences in both driving experience 
      and gender under distracted driving conditions; (v) correlations exist between 
      HRV and driving performance, and LF/HF correlates positively with SDNN/RMSSD in 
      the hands-free phone conversation and chatting conditions while driving.
FAU - Luo, Shuang
AU  - Luo S
AD  - College of Traffic and Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 
      400074, China.
FAU - Yi, Xinxin
AU  - Yi X
AD  - Chongqing Chang'an Automobile Co., Ltd., Chongqing 400023, China.
FAU - Shao, Yiming
AU  - Shao Y
AD  - College of Traffic and Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 
      400074, China.
FAU - Xu, Jin
AU  - Xu J
AD  - College of Traffic and Transportation, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing 
      400074, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20221117
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Workload
MH  - *Cell Phone
MH  - Attention
MH  - Acceleration
MH  - Communication
PMC - PMC9690507
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - city route
OT  - distracted driving
OT  - driving performance
OT  - heart rate variability
OT  - real driving condition
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The company had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript, or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2022/11/27 06:00
MHDA- 2022/11/30 06:00
PMCR- 2022/11/17
CRDT- 2022/11/26 01:12
PHST- 2022/10/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/11/11 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/11/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/11/26 01:12 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/11/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/11/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/11/17 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph192215191 [pii]
AID - ijerph-19-15191 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph192215191 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Nov 17;19(22):15191. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph192215191.