PMID- 36430088
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221129
LR  - 20230118
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 22
DP  - 2022 Nov 21
TI  - Social Inequalities: Do They Matter in Asthma, Bronchitis, and Respiratory 
      Symptoms in Children?
LID - 10.3390/ijerph192215366 [doi]
LID - 15366
AB  - Background: Social inequalities (e.g., poverty and low level of education) 
      generate inequalities in health. Aim: The aim of the study was to determine the 
      relationships between indicators of social inequalities and the frequency of 
      respiratory symptoms, asthma, and bronchitis in children. Material and Methods: 
      In 2019, an epidemiological cross-sectional study on 3237 students from 
      elementary schools in Silesia Voivodships (South Poland) was conducted. The 
      students' parents completed a questionnaire based on the International Study on 
      Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC). Social inequalities in the children's 
      families were determined according to parents' education and professional status 
      (working vs. unemployed), self-assessment of economic status, and housing 
      conditions. To determine the influence of social factors on the occurrence of 
      asthma, bronchitis, and respiratory symptoms, the odds ratio (OR) was calculated. 
      Results: Children living in apartments with traces of mold had a higher risk of 
      developing asthma (OR = 1.5, 95%CI: 1.17-1.96; p = 0.002) or bronchitis (OR = 
      1.4, 95%CI: 1.13-1.72; p = 0.002), wheezing attacks at nights (OR = 1.4; 95%CI: 
      1.01-1.93), wheezy in the last 12 months (OR = 1.6; 95%CI:1.24-2.08; p < 0.001), 
      and chronic cough (OR = 1.9; 95%CI: 1.49-2.46; p < 0.001). Exposure to 
      environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) was associated with higher risk of cough (OR = 
      1.5 95%CI: 1.22-1.96; p < 0.001) and dyspnea in the last 12 months (OR = 1.4; 
      95%CI: 1.04-2.00; p = 0.02). Low socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with 
      increased risk of chronic cough (OR = 1.5; 95%CI: 1.09-2.03; p = 0.009) and 
      increased risk of wheezy in the last 12 months (OR = 1.4; 95%CI: 1.06-1.97; p = 
      0.008). Asthma and bronchitis were not dependent on parents' education or 
      professional status. Conclusions: Social inequalities have significant impacts on 
      the occurrence of respiratory symptoms, bronchitis, and asthma in children. 
      Interventions aimed at preventing bronchitis and childhood asthma should also 
      focus on social health determinants.
FAU - Wypych-Slusarska, Agata
AU  - Wypych-Slusarska A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3741-574X
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical 
      University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
FAU - Krupa-Kotara, Karolina
AU  - Krupa-Kotara K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9330-0771
AD  - Department of Epidemiology, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical 
      University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
FAU - Niewiadomska, Ewa
AU  - Niewiadomska E
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0612-1949
AD  - Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health Sciences in Bytom, Medical 
      University of Silesia, 40-055 Katowice, Poland.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221121
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
SB  - IM
MH  - Child
MH  - Humans
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Cough
MH  - *Bronchitis/epidemiology/etiology
MH  - *Asthma/etiology/complications
MH  - Socioeconomic Factors
MH  - Respiratory Sounds/etiology
MH  - Chronic Disease
PMC - PMC9691006
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - bronchial asthma
OT  - children
OT  - environmental factors
OT  - health inequality
OT  - respiratory symptoms
OT  - social determinants of health (SDH)
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/11/27 06:00
MHDA- 2022/11/30 06:00
PMCR- 2022/11/21
CRDT- 2022/11/26 01:14
PHST- 2022/09/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/11/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/11/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/11/26 01:14 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/11/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/11/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/11/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph192215366 [pii]
AID - ijerph-19-15366 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph192215366 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Nov 21;19(22):15366. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph192215366.