PMID- 36434591
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221129
LR  - 20221213
IS  - 1471-2407 (Electronic)
IS  - 1471-2407 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Nov 25
TI  - Anticancer traits of chimeric antigen receptors (CARs)-Natural Killer (NK) cells 
      as novel approaches for melanoma treatment.
PG  - 1220
LID - 10.1186/s12885-022-10320-0 [doi]
LID - 1220
AB  - Owing to non-responsiveness of a high number of patients to the common melanoma 
      therapies, seeking novel approaches seem as an unmet requirement. Chimeric 
      antigen receptor (CAR) T cells were initially employed against recurrent or 
      refractory B cell malignancies. However, advanced stages or pretreated patients 
      have insufficient T cells (lymphopenia) amount for collection and clinical 
      application. Additionally, this process is time-consuming and logistically 
      cumbersome. Another limitation of this approach is toxicity and cytokine release 
      syndrome (CRS) progress and neurotoxicity syndrome (NS). Natural killer (NK) 
      cells are a versatile component of the innate immunity and have several 
      advantages over T cells in the application for therapies such as availability, 
      unique biological features, safety profile, cost effectiveness and higher tissue 
      residence. Additionally, CAR NK cells do not develop Graft-versus-host disease 
      (GvHD) and are independent of host HLA genotype. Notably, the NK cells number and 
      activity is affected in the tumor microenvironment (TME), paving the way for 
      developing novel approaches by enhancing their maturation and functionality. The 
      CAR NK cells short lifespan is a double edge sword declining toxicity and 
      reducing their persistence. Bispecific and Trispecific Killer Cell Engagers (BiKE 
      and Trike, respectively) are emerging and promising immunotherapies for efficient 
      antibody dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). CAR NK cells have some limitations 
      in terms of expanding and transducing NK cells from donors to achieve clinical 
      response. Clinical trials are in scarcity regarding the CAR NK cell-based cancer 
      therapies. The CAR NK cells short life span following irradiation before infusion 
      limits their efficiency inhibiting their in vivo expansion. The CAR NK cells 
      efficacy enhancement in terms of lifespan TME preparation and stability is a goal 
      for melanoma treatment. Combination therapies using CAR NK cells and chemotherapy 
      can also overcome therapy limitations.
CI  - (c) 2022. The Author(s).
FAU - Bahmanyar, Maryam
AU  - Bahmanyar M
AD  - Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, 
      Fasa, Iran.
FAU - Vakil, Mohammad Kazem
AU  - Vakil MK
AD  - Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, 
      Fasa, Iran.
FAU - Al-Awsi, Ghaidaa Raheem Lateef
AU  - Al-Awsi GRL
AD  - Department of Radiological Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Babylon, 
      Iraq.
FAU - Kouhpayeh, Seyed Amin
AU  - Kouhpayeh SA
AD  - Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Fasa University of Medical 
      Sciences, Fasa, Iran.
FAU - Mansoori, Yaser
AU  - Mansoori Y
AD  - Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, 
      Fasa, Iran.
FAU - Mansoori, Behnam
AU  - Mansoori B
AD  - Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, 
      Fasa, Iran. mansoori.behnam1998@gmail.com.
FAU - Moravej, Ali
AU  - Moravej A
AD  - Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, 
      Fasa, Iran.
FAU - Mazarzaei, Abdulbaset
AU  - Mazarzaei A
AD  - Department of Immunology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, 
      Iran. b.mazarzaei@gmail.com.
FAU - Ghasemian, Abdolmajid
AU  - Ghasemian A
AD  - Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical Sciences, 
      Fasa, Iran. majidghasemian86@gmail.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221125
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Cancer
JT  - BMC cancer
JID - 100967800
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Chimeric Antigen)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
MH  - Killer Cells, Natural
MH  - Immunotherapy, Adoptive/adverse effects
MH  - Immunotherapy
MH  - *Melanoma/therapy/etiology
MH  - Tumor Microenvironment
PMC - PMC9701052
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - CAR NK cells
OT  - Chimeric antigen receptors
OT  - Combination therapies
OT  - Melanoma
OT  - Natural killer cells
COIS- None.
EDAT- 2022/11/27 06:00
MHDA- 2022/11/30 06:00
PMCR- 2022/11/25
CRDT- 2022/11/26 11:48
PHST- 2022/07/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/11/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/11/26 11:48 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/11/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/11/30 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/11/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12885-022-10320-0 [pii]
AID - 10320 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12885-022-10320-0 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Cancer. 2022 Nov 25;22(1):1220. doi: 10.1186/s12885-022-10320-0.