PMID- 36444639
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221223
LR  - 20240103
IS  - 1528-7394 (Print)
IS  - 0098-4108 (Linking)
VI  - 86
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Jan 2
TI  - Multi-instrument assessment of fine and ultrafine titanium dioxide aerosols.
PG  - 1-22
LID - 10.1080/15287394.2022.2150730 [doi]
AB  - The measurement of fine (diameter: 100 nanometers-2.5 micrometers) and ultrafine 
      (UF: < 100 nanometers) titanium dioxide (TiO(2)) particles is instrument 
      dependent. Differences in measurements exist between toxicological and field 
      investigations for the same exposure metric such as mass, number, or surface area 
      because of variations in instruments used, operating parameters, or particle-size 
      measurement ranges. Without appropriate comparison, instrument measurements 
      create a disconnect between toxicological and field investigations for a given 
      exposure metric. Our objective was to compare a variety of instruments including 
      multiple metrics including mass, number, and surface area (SA) concentrations for 
      assessing different concentrations of separately aerosolized fine and UF TiO(2) 
      particles. The instruments studied were (1) DustTrak DRX, (2) personal DataRAMs 
      (PDR), (3) GRIMM(TM), and (4) diffusion charger (DC). Two devices of each 
      field-study instrument (DRX, PDR, GRIMM, and DC) were used to measure various 
      metrics while adjusting for gravimetric mass concentrations of fine and UF TiO(2) 
      particles in controlled chamber tests. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used 
      to apportion the variance to inter-instrument (between different 
      instrument-types), inter-device (within instrument), and intra-device components. 
      Performance of each instrument-device was calculated using root mean squared 
      error compared to reference methods: close-faced cassette and gravimetric 
      analysis for mass and scanning mobility particle sizer (SMPS) real-time 
      monitoring for number and SA concentrations. Generally, inter-instrument 
      variability accounted for the greatest (62.6% or more) source of variance for 
      mass, and SA-based concentrations of fine and UF TiO(2) particles. However, 
      higher intra-device variability (53.7%) was observed for number concentrations 
      measurements with fine particles compared to inter-instrument variability 
      (40.8%). Inter-device variance range(0.5-5.5%) was similar for all exposure 
      metrics. DRX performed better in measuring mass closer to gravimetric than PDRs 
      for fine and UF TiO(2). Number concentrations measured by GRIMMs and SA 
      measurements by DCs were considerably (40.8-86.9%) different from the reference 
      (SMPS) method for comparable size ranges of fine and UF TiO(2). This information 
      may serve to aid in interpreting assessments in risk models, epidemiologic 
      studies, and development of occupational exposure limits, relating to health 
      effect endpoints identified in toxicological studies considering similar 
      instruments evaluated in this study.
FAU - Ranpara, Anand
AU  - Ranpara A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3723-2537
AD  - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational 
      Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA.
FAU - LeBouf, Ryan F
AU  - LeBouf RF
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9894-9251
AD  - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational 
      Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA.
FAU - Nurkiewicz, Timothy R
AU  - Nurkiewicz TR
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9105-970X
AD  - Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 
      Morgantown, WV, USA.
FAU - Yi, Jinghai
AU  - Yi J
AD  - Center for Inhalation Toxicology, West Virginia University School of Medicine, 
      Morgantown, WV, USA.
FAU - Cumpston, Jared L
AU  - Cumpston JL
AD  - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational 
      Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA.
FAU - Stefaniak, Aleksandr B
AU  - Stefaniak AB
AD  - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational 
      Safety and Health, Morgantown, WV, USA.
LA  - eng
GR  - CC999999/ImCDC/Intramural CDC HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
DEP - 20221129
PL  - England
TA  - J Toxicol Environ Health A
JT  - Journal of toxicology and environmental health. Part A
JID - 100960995
RN  - 15FIX9V2JP (titanium dioxide)
RN  - D1JT611TNE (Titanium)
RN  - 0 (Aerosols)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Environmental Monitoring/methods
MH  - *Occupational Exposure/analysis
MH  - Titanium
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - Aerosols
PMC - PMC10663951
MID - NIHMS1942419
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Real-time instruments
OT  - aerosol mass concentration
OT  - aerosol number concentration
OT  - aerosol surface area concentration
OT  - particle morphology
EDAT- 2022/11/30 06:00
MHDA- 2022/12/24 06:00
PMCR- 2024/01/02
CRDT- 2022/11/29 03:43
PHST- 2022/11/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/12/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/11/29 03:43 [entrez]
PHST- 2024/01/02 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1080/15287394.2022.2150730 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Toxicol Environ Health A. 2023 Jan 2;86(1):1-22. doi: 
      10.1080/15287394.2022.2150730. Epub 2022 Nov 29.