PMID- 36450349
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221202
LR  - 20221213
IS  - 1872-2059 (Electronic)
IS  - 1000-8713 (Print)
IS  - 1000-8713 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 12
DP  - 2022 Dec
TI  - [Simultaneous determination of three components of sodium nitrophenolate in 
      foodstuffs of animal origin by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass 
      spectrometry using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization].
PG  - 1095-1101
LID - 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.03006 [doi]
AB  - Sodium nitrophenolate (SNP) is a widely used universal growth regulator 
      consisting of 5-nitroguaiacol sodium (5NG), 4-nitrophenol sodium (PNP), and 
      2-nitrophenol sodium (ONP). SNP has a positive influence on plants and animals as 
      a feed additive that accelerates growth but is potentially hazardous to humans. 
      SNP has been reported to be cytotoxic and mutagenic, which may increase the risk 
      of cancer and pose a great threat to food safety. There are neither mature 
      detection nor standard methods for the trace analysis of SNP in animal food. 
      Therefore, the development of an accurate and precise analytical method is 
      imperative. This innovative method has theoretical and practical significance for 
      the control of SNP residues, offering advantages such as cost-effectiveness and 
      time efficiency. It will be beneficial for the establishment of detection 
      standards and management measures in foodstuffs of animal origin.In this study, a 
      reliable method for the simultaneous determination of SNP residues in animal food 
      (porcine muscle, chicken tissue, fish, and liver) was developed. For realizing 
      the perfect limit of quantification, the application of back extraction coupled 
      with high performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical 
      ionization-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-APCI-MS/MS) was proposed to combine 
      high sensitivity and high selectivity. The optimal method was as follows. First, 
      2.0 g samples were extracted with 10 mL 0.5 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, 
      followed by adjustment of the pH to acidity with 3 mol/L hydrochloric acid and 
      the addition of sodium chloride (5.0 g) to saturate the inorganic phase. After 
      back-extraction twice with 16 mL acetonitrile, the solution was merged and again 
      saturated with 5 mL of sodium chloride solution. Second, the merged organic phase 
      was cleaned up with 10 mL of n-hexane for defatting. The middle acetonitrile 
      layer was then concentrated to nearly 1.5 mL at 40 ℃ in a N(2) stream before 
      dilution with the mobile phase to a volume of 3.0 mL and filtered. Finally, the 
      analytes were separated on a C(18) column (100 mmx4.6 mm, 3 mum) and subjected to 
      gradient elution with a mixed solution of methanol and water. Mass spectrometric 
      analysis, which was quantified using the external standard method, was carried 
      out with an atmospheric pressure chemical ionization negative ion source and 
      based on multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The key parameters, such as the 
      extraction solvent, extraction steps, and purification method, were optimized.The 
      calibration curves were linear in the ranges of 0.5-10 (5NG), 1.0-20 (PNP), and 
      2.5-50 mug/L (ONP) with correlation coefficients greater than 0.9999. The limit of 
      quantification (LOQ) for 5NG was 1.0 mug/kg, double for PNP, and five times for 
      ONP. The recoveries of the three different concentration levels in all the four 
      matrices were in the range of 81.5%-98.4%, 81.5%-102%, and 81.4%-95.1%. The 
      repeatability, expressed as the relative standard deviations (RSDs) of the three 
      compounds, ranged from 1.51% to 5.98%, 1.10% to 8.85% and 0.91% to 8.61% (n=6). 
      The developed method is characterized by an excellent purification effect, 
      sensitivity, and accuracy. This method is suitable for the simultaneous and 
      quantitative determination of SNP residues in foodstuffs of animal origin.
FAU - Zou, You
AU  - Zou Y
AD  - Food and Cosmetics Testing Institute, Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, 
      Guangzhou 510623, China.
FAU - Shao, Linzhi
AU  - Shao L
AD  - Food and Cosmetics Testing Institute, Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, 
      Guangzhou 510623, China.
FAU - Lan, Cao
AU  - Lan C
AD  - Food and Cosmetics Testing Institute, Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, 
      Guangzhou 510623, China.
FAU - Chen, Simin
AU  - Chen S
AD  - Food and Cosmetics Testing Institute, Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, 
      Guangzhou 510623, China.
LA  - chi
PT  - English Abstract
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - China
TA  - Se Pu
JT  - Se pu = Chinese journal of chromatography
JID - 9424804
RN  - 9NEZ333N27 (Sodium)
RN  - 451W47IQ8X (Sodium Chloride)
RN  - 0 (Ions)
RN  - Z072SB282N (acetonitrile)
RN  - 0 (Acetonitriles)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Swine
MH  - Animals
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
MH  - *Sodium
MH  - *Tandem Mass Spectrometry
MH  - Sodium Chloride
MH  - Ions
MH  - Atmospheric Pressure
MH  - Acetonitriles
PMC - PMC9727749
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI)
OT  - foodstuffs of animal origin
OT  - high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS)
OT  - sodium nitrophenolate
EDAT- 2022/12/01 06:00
MHDA- 2022/12/03 06:00
PMCR- 2022/12/08
CRDT- 2022/11/30 19:32
PHST- 2022/11/30 19:32 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/12/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/12/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/12/08 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.03006 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Se Pu. 2022 Dec;40(12):1095-1101. doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.03006.