PMID- 36464042 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230116 LR - 20230116 IS - 1879-1026 (Electronic) IS - 0048-9697 (Linking) VI - 861 DP - 2023 Feb 25 TI - A national-scale distribution of organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) in cropland soils and major types of food crops in China: Co-occurrence and associated risks. PG - 160637 LID - S0048-9697(22)07740-3 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160637 [doi] AB - Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) that resist degradation in the environment. OCPs remain detectable in cropland systems in China. However, spatial distribution of OCPs across China and associated ecological and health risks, as well as the relationship between levels of OCPs in cropland soils and crops, remain to be elucidated. To fill these gaps, we conducted a national-scale characterization of 19 individual OCPs in cropland soils and food crops including cereals and legumes in China, which were on-spot sampled simultaneously. Sparse canonical correlation analysis was employed to investigate the co-occurrence of OCPs in cropland soils and corresponding food crops. The ecological soil screening levels and risk quotient method were adopted for ecological and health risk assessment, respectively. Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) were dominant in cropland systems, with its levels ranging up to 337 and 22.8 mug/kg in cropland soils and food crops, respectively. The mean summation operatorOCP levels in cropland soils varied from below the limit of detection to 337 mug/kg. Peanuts were the most contaminated crop, in which endosulfans and hexachlorobenzene (HCB) were co-occurrent with those in cropland soils (correlation coefficient R = 0.999 and 0.947, respectively). Besides, lindane and beta-endosulfan in rice were co-occurrent with those in cropland soils (R = 0.810 and 0.868, respectively). The componential ratio analysis indicated fresh inputs of technical DDT, lindane, chlordane, endosulfan, HCB and aldrin. Among these pesticides, ecological impacts of DDTs, lindane, aldrin and beta-endosulfan could be expected. Human health risk assessment suggested that daily consumption of the OCP-contaminated food crops raises a health concern especially for male teens. It is concluded that OCPs remain present in cropland systems in China at levels that raise a concern for both environment and human health. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. FAU - Chen, Lu AU - Chen L AD - Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China. FAU - Qian, YongZhong AU - Qian Y AD - Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China. FAU - Jia, Qi AU - Jia Q AD - Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China. FAU - Weng, Rui AU - Weng R AD - Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China. FAU - Zhang, Xinglian AU - Zhang X AD - Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China. FAU - Li, Yun AU - Li Y AD - Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China. FAU - Qiu, Jing AU - Qiu J AD - Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agro-Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Key Laboratory of Agri-food Quality and Safety, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China. Electronic address: qiujing@caas.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20221202 PL - Netherlands TA - Sci Total Environ JT - The Science of the total environment JID - 0330500 RN - 59NEE7PCAB (Hexachlorocyclohexane) RN - 0 (Soil) RN - 4Z87H0LKUY (Hexachlorobenzene) RN - OZE3CLY605 (Aldrin) RN - OKA6A6ZD4K (Endosulfan) RN - 0 (Pesticides) RN - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated) RN - 0 (Soil Pollutants) SB - IM MH - Male MH - Humans MH - Adolescent MH - Hexachlorocyclohexane/analysis MH - Soil MH - Hexachlorobenzene/analysis MH - Aldrin/analysis MH - Endosulfan/analysis MH - Environmental Monitoring/methods MH - *Pesticides/analysis MH - *Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis MH - China MH - *Soil Pollutants/analysis MH - Crops, Agricultural OTO - NOTNLM OT - Co-occurrence OT - Cropland soil OT - Crops OT - OCP sources OT - Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) OT - Risk assessment COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2022/12/05 06:00 MHDA- 2023/01/17 06:00 CRDT- 2022/12/04 19:25 PHST- 2022/07/14 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/11/27 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/11/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/12/05 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/01/17 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/12/04 19:25 [entrez] AID - S0048-9697(22)07740-3 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160637 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Sci Total Environ. 2023 Feb 25;861:160637. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160637. Epub 2022 Dec 2.