PMID- 36479259
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20221210
IS  - 2168-8184 (Print)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Electronic)
IS  - 2168-8184 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 12
DP  - 2022 Dec
TI  - Effects of Linagliptin and Pioglitazone on Fracture Healing in an Experimental 
      Type 2 Diabetes Rat Model.
PG  - e32204
LID - 10.7759/cureus.32204 [doi]
LID - e32204
AB  - AIM: Our study aimed to examine the effects of Linagliptin, Pioglitazone, and 
      their combination on fracture healing in a diabetes rat femur fracture model. 
      MATERIAL AND METHODS: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) induced rats were randomly 
      divided into four groups: non-treated diabetes group (TD), Pioglitazone group 
      (P), Linagliptin group (L), and Pioglitazone and Linagliptin group (PL). Daily 
      oral dosage of pioglitazone (10 mg/kg/day), linagliptin (10 mg/kg/day), and their 
      combination were administered. Femur fractures were stabilized intramedullary. At 
      weeks 2 and 6, rats were sacrificed for evaluation radiologically, 
      biomechanically, histopathologically, histomorphometrically, and 
      immunohistochemically. RESULTS: Flexural strength of the L and PL groups were 
      significantly higher compared to the P group. The highest healing score was in 
      the L group and lowest in the P group, while the highest inflammation score was 
      in the P group and lowest in the L group. A cluster of differentiation (CD) CD 34 
      reactivity was highest in the L group and lowest in the PL group. CONCLUSION: 
      Linagliptin treatment significantly increased histological healing scores, callus 
      volume, biomechanical strength, and vascularity, however, minimized the 
      inflammatory process, which was increased by pioglitazone. The combination of 
      linagliptin and pioglitazone restored BMD and increased biomechanical strength. 
      Linagliptin monotherapy is rarely indicated; hence, T2DM patients with a high 
      risk of bone fractures can be considered for combined therapy of pioglitazone and 
      linagliptin.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022, Mraja et al.
FAU - Mraja, Hamisi M
AU  - Mraja HM
AD  - Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Florence Nightingale Hospital, Istanbul, 
      TUR.
FAU - Caglar, Sever
AU  - Caglar S
AD  - Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Health Sciences University, Bagcilar Training and 
      Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR.
FAU - Uslu, Muhammed
AU  - Uslu M
AD  - Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Health Sciences University, Bagcilar Training and 
      Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR.
FAU - Yilmaz, Bilal
AU  - Yilmaz B
AD  - Orthopaedics and Traumatology, BIrecik State Hospital, Sanliurfa, TUR.
FAU - Dasci, Mustafa Fatih
AU  - Dasci MF
AD  - Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Health Sciences University, Bagcilar Training and 
      Research Hospital, Istanbul, TUR.
FAU - Sarac, Elif Yaprak
AU  - Sarac EY
AD  - Molecular Biology Genetics and Biotechnology, Istanbul Technical University, 
      Istanbul, TUR.
FAU - Demirkol, Metehan
AU  - Demirkol M
AD  - Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, TUR.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221205
PL  - United States
TA  - Cureus
JT  - Cureus
JID - 101596737
PMC - PMC9721100
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - bone healing
OT  - linagliptin
OT  - pioglitazone
OT  - streptozotocin
OT  - type 2 diabetes
COIS- The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2022/12/09 06:00
MHDA- 2022/12/09 06:01
PMCR- 2022/12/05
CRDT- 2022/12/08 14:01
PHST- 2022/12/05 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/12/08 14:01 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/12/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/12/09 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/12/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.7759/cureus.32204 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Cureus. 2022 Dec 5;14(12):e32204. doi: 10.7759/cureus.32204. eCollection 2022 
      Dec.