PMID- 36483966 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20221210 IS - 1664-462X (Print) IS - 1664-462X (Electronic) IS - 1664-462X (Linking) VI - 13 DP - 2022 TI - Understanding plant-microbe interaction of rice and soybean with two contrasting diazotrophic bacteria through comparative transcriptome analysis. PG - 939395 LID - 10.3389/fpls.2022.939395 [doi] LID - 939395 AB - Understanding the beneficial plant-microbe interactions is becoming extremely critical for deploying microbes imparting plant fitness and achieving sustainability in agriculture. Diazotrophic bacteria have the unique ability to survive without external sources of nitrogen and simultaneously promote host plant growth, but the mechanisms of endophytic interaction in cereals and legumes have not been studied extensively. We have studied the early interaction of two diazotrophic bacteria, Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus (GAB) and Bradyrhizobium japonicum (BRH), in 15-day-old seedlings of rice and soybean up to 120 h after inoculation (hai) under low-nitrogen medium. Root colonization of GAB in rice was higher than that of BRH, and BRH colonization was higher in soybean roots as observed from the scanning electron microscopy at 120 hai. Peroxidase enzyme was significantly higher at 24 hai but thereafter was reduced sharply in soybean and gradually in rice. The roots of rice and soybean inoculated with GAB and BRH harvested from five time points were pooled, and transcriptome analysis was executed along with control. Two pathways, "Plant pathogen interaction" and "MAPK signaling," were specific to Rice-Gluconacetobacter (RG), whereas the pathways related to nitrogen metabolism and plant hormone signaling were specific to Rice-Bradyrhizobium (RB) in rice. Comparative transcriptome analysis of the root tissues revealed that several plant-diazotroph-specific differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and metabolic pathways of plant-diazotroph-specific transcripts, viz., chitinase, brassinosteroid, auxin, Myeloblastosis (MYB), nodulin, and nitrate transporter (NRT), were common in all plant-diazotroph combinations; three transcripts, viz., nitrate transport accessory protein (NAR), thaumatin, and thionin, were exclusive in rice and another three transcripts, viz., NAC (NAM: no apical meristem, ATAF: Arabidopsis thaliana activating factor, and CUC: cup-shaped cotyledon), ABA (abscisic acid), and ammonium transporter, were exclusive in soybean. Differential expression of these transcripts and reduction in pathogenesis-related (PR) protein expression show the early interaction. Based on the interaction, it can be inferred that the compatibility of rice and soybean is more with GAB and BRH, respectively. We propose that rice is unable to identify the diazotroph as a beneficial microorganism or a pathogen from an early response. So, it expressed the hypersensitivity-related transcripts along with PR proteins. The molecular mechanism of diazotrophic associations of GAB and BRH with rice vis-a-vis soybean will shed light on the basic understanding of host responses to beneficial microorganisms. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Saini, Chandran, Barbadikar, Sevanthi, Chawla, Kaushik, Mulani, Phule, Govindannagari, Sonth, Sinha, Sundaram and Mandal. FAU - Saini, Manish Ranjan AU - Saini MR AD - Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. AD - Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology (KIIT) School of Biotechnology, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar, India. FAU - Chandran, Latha P AU - Chandran LP AD - ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India. FAU - Barbadikar, Kalyani Makarand AU - Barbadikar KM AD - ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India. FAU - Sevanthi, Amitha Mithra V AU - Sevanthi AMV AD - Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. FAU - Chawla, Gautam AU - Chawla G AD - Division of Nematology, ICAR- Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi, India. FAU - Kaushik, Megha AU - Kaushik M AD - Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. FAU - Mulani, Ekta AU - Mulani E AD - Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. FAU - Phule, Amol Sarjerao AU - Phule AS AD - ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India. FAU - Govindannagari, Rajani AU - Govindannagari R AD - ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India. FAU - Sonth, Bandeppa AU - Sonth B AD - ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India. FAU - Sinha, Subodh Kumar AU - Sinha SK AD - Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. FAU - Sundaram, Raman Meenakshi AU - Sundaram RM AD - ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India. FAU - Mandal, Pranab Kumar AU - Mandal PK AD - Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, India. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20221118 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Plant Sci JT - Frontiers in plant science JID - 101568200 PMC - PMC9724235 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Bradyrhizobium japonicum OT - Gluconacetobacter diazotrophicus OT - RNA-seq OT - nitrogen fixation OT - rice OT - soybean COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/12/10 06:00 MHDA- 2022/12/10 06:01 PMCR- 2022/01/01 CRDT- 2022/12/09 04:15 PHST- 2022/05/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/10/25 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/12/09 04:15 [entrez] PHST- 2022/12/10 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/12/10 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fpls.2022.939395 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Plant Sci. 2022 Nov 18;13:939395. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.939395. eCollection 2022.