PMID- 36495778
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230116
LR  - 20230116
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 861
DP  - 2023 Feb 25
TI  - Does pesticide use in agriculture present a risk to the terrestrial biota?
PG  - 160715
LID - S0048-9697(22)07818-4 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160715 [doi]
AB  - Inadequate pesticide application practices have many implications on human and 
      environmental health. This research aimed at assessing pesticide risks on bees, 
      non-target arthropods (NTAs) and earthworms, using PRIMET (Pesticide Risks in the 
      Tropics to Man, Environment and Trade), a pesticide risk model, in the western 
      highlands agro-ecological zone of Cameroon. For this purpose, information on 
      pesticide usage stratagem (dosage, application interval and number of 
      applications) and ecotoxicological properties (median lethal doses, persistence 
      and no observable effect concentration) were gathered and entered into PRIMET to 
      acquire the Predicted Exposure Concentration (PEC), No Effect Concentration (NEC) 
      and Exposure Toxicity Ratio, ETR = PEC / NEC). The risk assessment revealed that 
      the riskiest pesticides for earthworms were acetamiprid, glyphosate and 
      imidacloprid with ETR values of 2963, 1667 and 419 respectively. For bees, 
      acetamiprid, cypermethrin, emamectin benzoate, imidacloprid, and 
      lambda-cyhalothrin were highly risky, with respective ETR values of 3252, 487, 
      278, 1383 and 295. The model predicted NTAs to be predominantly defenceless 
      against cypermethrin and imidacloprid, as these compounds exhibited the topmost 
      values of ETR of, 4.3 x 10(8) and 4.4 x 10(7), respectively. Other pesticides 
      that were modelled to be highly risky to NTAs comprised chlorothalonil (ETR = 
      2076), cymoxanil (ETR = 1133), emamectin benzoate (ETR = 1700), 
      lambda-cyhalothrin (ETR = 4900) and metalaxyl (ETR = 2303). Some compounds gave 
      evidence of multi-level risks: imidacloprid exhibited high risk to all the 
      organisms (earthworms, bees and NTAs); acetamiprid was risky to earthworms and 
      bees, while cypermethrin, emamectin benzoate and lambda-cyhalothrin, were 
      modelled to pose a risk to bees and NTAs. Regulating the use of these perilous 
      pesticides should be encouraged in agroecosystems to protect environmental and 
      human health.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Kenko, Daniel Brice Nkontcheu
AU  - Kenko DBN
AD  - Department of Animal Biology and Conservation, Faculty of Science, University of 
      Buea, Cameroon; Biology and Applied Ecology Research Unit, Dschang School of 
      Science and Technology, University of Dschang, Cameroon. Electronic address: 
      kenko.daniel@ubuea.cm.
FAU - Ngameni, Norbert Tchamadeu
AU  - Ngameni NT
AD  - Biology and Applied Ecology Research Unit, Dschang School of Science and 
      Technology, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
FAU - Awo, Miranda Egbe
AU  - Awo ME
AD  - Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, University of Buea, Cameroon.
FAU - Njikam, Nacaire Ahmed
AU  - Njikam NA
AD  - Biology and Applied Ecology Research Unit, Dschang School of Science and 
      Technology, University of Dschang, Cameroon.
FAU - Dzemo, William Diymba
AU  - Dzemo WD
AD  - Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences, 
      Walter Sisulu University, South Africa.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221207
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 1TR49121NP (cypermethrin)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - V0V73PEB8M (cyhalothrin)
RN  - 3BN7M937V8 (imidacloprid)
RN  - HVM3G4A01W (emamectin benzoate)
RN  - 0 (Insecticides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Bees
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Pesticides/toxicity
MH  - Agriculture
MH  - *Insecticides
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Exposure toxicity ratio
OT  - No effect concentration
OT  - PRIMET
OT  - Pesticides
OT  - Predicted exposure concentration
OT  - Terrestrial risk
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/12/11 06:00
MHDA- 2023/01/17 06:00
CRDT- 2022/12/10 18:28
PHST- 2022/10/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/11/21 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/12/02 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/12/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/01/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/12/10 18:28 [entrez]
AID - S0048-9697(22)07818-4 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160715 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2023 Feb 25;861:160715. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160715. 
      Epub 2022 Dec 7.