PMID- 36495965
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230117
LR  - 20230222
IS  - 1096-0953 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-9351 (Linking)
VI  - 218
DP  - 2023 Feb 1
TI  - Effect of low-density polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and high-density 
      polyethylene micro-plastic contamination on the index and engineering properties 
      of clayey soil- an experimental study.
PG  - 115016
LID - S0013-9351(22)02343-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115016 [doi]
AB  - Soil health is one of the prominent features of the Sustainable Development Goals 
      (SDGs). The SDGs seek to achieve the target of 75% healthy soils by 2030. On the 
      contrary, the growing accumulation of microplastic contamination in soil 
      environments is an issue of worldwide concern. The effect of a variety of 
      microplastic accumulation on soil index and engineering properties is still 
      unclear. Clayey soil is very important in geotechnical engineering because of its 
      complex behaviour. This study investigates the effects of a variety of 
      microplastics such as Low-Density Polyethylene (LDPE), Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC), 
      and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) in environmental relevant concentrations 
      (2%,4%,6% w/w) on index and engineering properties of clayey soil with respect to 
      a number of observation days. In the present study, the non-contaminated soil 
      treated as a control. The detailed experimentation revealed a significant change 
      in the liquid limit, plastic limit, and shear strength values of clayey soil with 
      an increasing percentage of microplastic contamination, whereas minute changes 
      are recorded with respect to the number of observation days, this may be due to 
      inert nature of microplastic. The shear strength is one of the critical 
      engineering properties of soil that determines the strength and stability of the 
      soil. The shear strength value of 0.94 kg/cm(2) for control decreased to 
      0.76 kg/cm(2) and 0.73 kg/cm(2) and 0.85 kg/cm(2) for the addition of 2%, 4%, and 
      6% respectively of LDPE microplastic contamination, similarly, for PVC 
      microplastic contamination of 2%, 4% the shear strength decreases to 
      0.77 kg/cm(2), 0.85 kg/cm(2) respectively, the HDPE microplastic contamination of 
      2%, 4%, and 6% results in shear strength decrease to 0.52 kg/cm(2), 0.53 kg/cm(2) 
      and 0.65 kg/cm(2).The altered values of shear strength along with other index and 
      engineering properties of soil due to microplastic contamination may lead to 
      instability in structures or may increase the chances of harmful natural threats 
      such as landslides. The present study provides evidence of significant changes in 
      the index and engineering properties and therefore the stability of the soil 
      which is the major contribution of the study.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Dike, Sangita
AU  - Dike S
AD  - Department of Civil Engineering, Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT), 
      Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, India.
FAU - Apte, Sayali
AU  - Apte S
AD  - Department of Civil Engineering, Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT), 
      Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, India. Electronic 
      address: sayali.apte@sitpune.edu.in.
FAU - Dabir, Vaishnavi
AU  - Dabir V
AD  - Department of Civil Engineering, Symbiosis Institute of Technology (SIT), 
      Symbiosis International (Deemed University) (SIU), Pune, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221207
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Res
JT  - Environmental research
JID - 0147621
RN  - 0 (Plastics)
RN  - 9002-88-4 (Polyethylene)
RN  - 0 (Soil)
RN  - 0 (Microplastics)
RN  - 9002-86-2 (Polyvinyl Chloride)
RN  - T1FAD4SS2M (Clay)
RN  - 0 (Soil Pollutants)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Plastics
MH  - Polyethylene
MH  - Soil/chemistry
MH  - Microplastics
MH  - Polyvinyl Chloride
MH  - Clay
MH  - *Soil Pollutants/analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Engineering properties
OT  - Index properties
OT  - Microplastic
OT  - Soil
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/12/11 06:00
MHDA- 2023/01/18 06:00
CRDT- 2022/12/10 19:23
PHST- 2022/09/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/11/23 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/12/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/12/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/01/18 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/12/10 19:23 [entrez]
AID - S0013-9351(22)02343-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115016 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Res. 2023 Feb 1;218:115016. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115016. Epub 2022 
      Dec 7.