PMID- 36501753
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221216
LR  - 20221220
IS  - 1424-8220 (Electronic)
IS  - 1424-8220 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 23
DP  - 2022 Nov 22
TI  - Implementing Performance Accommodation Mechanisms in Online BCI for Stroke 
      Rehabilitation: A Study on Perceived Control and Frustration.
LID - 10.3390/s22239051 [doi]
LID - 9051
AB  - Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are successfully used for stroke rehabilitation, 
      but the training is repetitive and patients can lose the motivation to train. 
      Moreover, controlling the BCI may be difficult, which causes frustration and 
      leads to even worse control. Patients might not adhere to the regimen due to 
      frustration and lack of motivation/engagement. The aim of this study was to 
      implement three performance accommodation mechanisms (PAMs) in an online motor 
      imagery-based BCI to aid people and evaluate their perceived control and 
      frustration. Nineteen healthy participants controlled a fishing game with a BCI 
      in four conditions: (1) no help, (2) augmented success (augmented successful 
      BCI-attempt), (3) mitigated failure (turn unsuccessful BCI-attempt into neutral 
      output), and (4) override input (turn unsuccessful BCI-attempt into successful 
      output). Each condition was followed-up and assessed with Likert-scale 
      questionnaires and a post-experiment interview. Perceived control and frustration 
      were best predicted by the amount of positive feedback the participant received. 
      PAM-help increased perceived control for poor BCI-users but decreased it for good 
      BCI-users. The input override PAM frustrated the users the most, and they 
      differed in how they wanted to be helped. By using PAMs, developers have more 
      freedom to create engaging stroke rehabilitation games.
FAU - Jochumsen, Mads
AU  - Jochumsen M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7729-4359
AD  - Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, 9000 Aalborg, 
      Denmark.
FAU - Hougaard, Bastian Ilso
AU  - Hougaard BI
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6861-1858
AD  - Department of Architecture, Design and Media Technology, Aalborg University, 9000 
      Aalborg, Denmark.
FAU - Kristensen, Mathias Sand
AU  - Kristensen MS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1864-8756
AD  - Department of Architecture, Design and Media Technology, Aalborg University, 9000 
      Aalborg, Denmark.
FAU - Knoche, Hendrik
AU  - Knoche H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3950-8453
AD  - Department of Architecture, Design and Media Technology, Aalborg University, 9000 
      Aalborg, Denmark.
LA  - eng
GR  - 22357/The Velux Foundations/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221122
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Sensors (Basel)
JT  - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101204366
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Stroke Rehabilitation
MH  - Electroencephalography
MH  - *Brain-Computer Interfaces
MH  - Imagery, Psychotherapy
MH  - Feedback
MH  - *Stroke
PMC - PMC9738420
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - brain-computer interface
OT  - frustration
OT  - game design
OT  - gamification
OT  - motor imagery
OT  - perceived control
OT  - performance accommodation mechanisms
OT  - stroke rehabilitation
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. The funders had no role in the 
      design of the study; in the collection, analyses, or interpretation of data; in 
      the writing of the manuscript; or in the decision to publish the results.
EDAT- 2022/12/12 06:00
MHDA- 2022/12/15 06:00
PMCR- 2022/11/22
CRDT- 2022/12/11 01:36
PHST- 2022/10/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/11/16 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/11/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/12/11 01:36 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/12/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/11/22 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - s22239051 [pii]
AID - sensors-22-09051 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/s22239051 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sensors (Basel). 2022 Nov 22;22(23):9051. doi: 10.3390/s22239051.