PMID- 36501850
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221216
LR  - 20221220
IS  - 1424-8220 (Electronic)
IS  - 1424-8220 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 23
DP  - 2022 Nov 25
TI  - Feasibility of Ultra-Short-Term Analysis of Heart Rate and Systolic Arterial 
      Pressure Variability at Rest and during Stress via Time-Domain and Entropy-Based 
      Measures.
LID - 10.3390/s22239149 [doi]
LID - 9149
AB  - Heart Rate Variability (HRV) and Blood Pressure Variability (BPV) are widely 
      employed tools for characterizing the complex behavior of cardiovascular 
      dynamics. Usually, HRV and BPV analyses are carried out through short-term (ST) 
      measurements, which exploit ~five-minute-long recordings. Recent research efforts 
      are focused on reducing the time series length, assessing whether and to what 
      extent Ultra-Short-Term (UST) analysis is capable of extracting information about 
      cardiovascular variability from very short recordings. In this work, we compare 
      ST and UST measures computed on electrocardiographic R-R intervals and systolic 
      arterial pressure time series obtained at rest and during both postural and 
      mental stress. Standard time-domain indices are computed, together with 
      entropy-based measures able to assess the regularity and complexity of 
      cardiovascular dynamics, on time series lasting down to 60 samples, employing 
      either a faster linear parametric estimator or a more reliable but time-consuming 
      model-free method based on nearest neighbor estimates. Our results are evidence 
      that shorter time series down to 120 samples still exhibit an acceptable 
      agreement with the ST reference and can also be exploited to discriminate between 
      stress and rest. Moreover, despite neglecting nonlinearities inherent to 
      short-term cardiovascular dynamics, the faster linear estimator is still capable 
      of detecting differences among the conditions, thus resulting in its suitability 
      to be implemented on wearable devices.
FAU - Volpes, Gabriele
AU  - Volpes G
AD  - Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 
      9, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Bara, Chiara
AU  - Bara C
AD  - Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 
      9, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Busacca, Alessandro
AU  - Busacca A
AD  - Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 
      9, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Stivala, Salvatore
AU  - Stivala S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9800-9211
AD  - Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 
      9, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Javorka, Michal
AU  - Javorka M
AD  - Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, 036 
      01 Martin, Slovakia.
FAU - Faes, Luca
AU  - Faes L
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3271-5348
AD  - Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 
      9, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
FAU - Pernice, Riccardo
AU  - Pernice R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9992-3221
AD  - Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Building 
      9, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
LA  - eng
GR  - grant no. VEGA 646 1/0283/21 (M.J.)/VEGA/
GR  - Complementary Operational Programme (POC) 2014/2020 of the Sicily Region 
      (R.P)/European Social Fund (ESF)/
GR  - Sviluppo di protocolli sperimentali e impiego di soluzioni tecnologiche 
      finalizzate alla valutazione oggettiva e quantitativa dello stress 
      lavoro-correlato(G.V. )/Istituto Nazionale Previdenza Sociale (INPS) Ph.D. 
      fellowship/
GR  - Sensoristica intelligente, infrastrutture e modelli gestionali per la sicurezza 
      di soggetti fragili(C.B.)/Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research 
      (MIUR), PON R&I grant ARS01_00345, CUP/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221125
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Sensors (Basel)
JT  - Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101204366
SB  - IM
MH  - Heart Rate/physiology
MH  - Blood Pressure
MH  - *Arterial Pressure
MH  - Entropy
MH  - *Electrocardiography
PMC - PMC9739824
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Heart Rate Variability (HRV)
OT  - Short-Term (ST) cardiovascular variability
OT  - Systolic Arterial Pressure (SAP)
OT  - Ultra-Short-Term (UST) HRV
OT  - complexity
OT  - conditional entropy
OT  - electrocardiography (ECG)
OT  - entropy
OT  - time-series analysis
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/12/12 06:00
MHDA- 2022/12/15 06:00
PMCR- 2022/11/25
CRDT- 2022/12/11 01:36
PHST- 2022/10/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/11/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/11/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/12/11 01:36 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/12/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/12/15 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/11/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - s22239149 [pii]
AID - sensors-22-09149 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/s22239149 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sensors (Basel). 2022 Nov 25;22(23):9149. doi: 10.3390/s22239149.