PMID- 36505644
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20221221
IS  - 2249-4863 (Print)
IS  - 2278-7135 (Electronic)
IS  - 2249-4863 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 9
DP  - 2022 Sep
TI  - Tobacco smoking and blood pressure: How are they related among the Indians? - A 
      secondary analysis of National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 data.
PG  - 5776-5784
LID - 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_166_22 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: India, the second leading producer of tobacco, puts the population at 
      a higher chance of tobacco consumption contributing to a significant disease 
      burden. Though tobacco smoking is a modifiable risk factor for hypertension and 
      has been on the rise among the population, studies on the relationship of tobacco 
      with hypertension are limited in India. AIM: This study aimed to assess the 
      population-level risk of tobacco (smoke) use and elevated blood pressure (BP) 
      among Indians and also assess the association of risk of tobacco smoking with 
      hypertension based on the place of residence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 
      the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4 conducted between January 2015 and 
      December 2016 was utilized. The prevalence of hypertension and its magnitude of 
      association with smoking factors was found using univariable logistic regression. 
      Multivariable logistic regression was performed to predict the association of 
      smoking products with elevated BP by adjusting the model for sociodemographic 
      factors, illness, physical characteristics, and state-wise data. RESULTS: The 
      weighted prevalence of hypertension was 16.56% (confidence interval [CI]: 
      16.34-16.78) in males and 11.20% (CI: 11.12-11.27) in females. Among those who 
      smoked tobacco, 15.3% women and 22.4% men were hypertensive. This study 
      highlights the significant association of smoking of various tobacco products 
      with hypertension in both men and women on univariate analysis. But the adjusted 
      mean elevated BP among the tobacco-using males and females was not significantly 
      associated with smoking cigarettes, pipe, cigars, and hookah. CONCLUSION: 
      Cigarette smoking is a modifiable factor for the development and progression of 
      hypertension. Adequate preventive and promotive health measures targeting the 
      young, rural inhabitants and the poorer sections of society may help in reducing 
      tobacco consumption.
CI  - Copyright: (c) 2022 Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care.
FAU - Pathak, Barsha Gadapani
AU  - Pathak BG
AD  - Department of Community Medicine, Seth G S Medical College, Parel, Mumbai, 
      Maharashtra, India.
FAU - Rahini, S
AU  - Rahini S
AD  - Department of Community Medicine, Seth G S Medical College, Parel, Mumbai, 
      Maharashtra, India.
FAU - Manapurath, Rukman M
AU  - Manapurath RM
AD  - Department of Community Medicine, Seth G S Medical College, Parel, Mumbai, 
      Maharashtra, India.
FAU - Sharath, B N
AU  - Sharath BN
AD  - Department of Community Medicine, ESIC Medical College and PGIMSR, Bengaluru, 
      India.
FAU - Gupta, Rakesh
AU  - Gupta R
AD  - President and Director of Public Health, Strategic Institute for Public Health 
      Education and Research (SIPHER), Former-Director Health Services and Director of 
      Chemical Examiner Lab, Government of Punjab, Chandigarh, India.
FAU - Goel, Sonu
AU  - Goel S
AD  - Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Post Graduate 
      Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221014
PL  - India
TA  - J Family Med Prim Care
JT  - Journal of family medicine and primary care
JID - 101610082
PMC - PMC9731090
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Health Promotion
OT  - hypertension
OT  - prevention
OT  - smoking
OT  - tobacco
COIS- There are no conflicts of interest.
EDAT- 2022/12/13 06:00
MHDA- 2022/12/13 06:01
PMCR- 2022/09/01
CRDT- 2022/12/12 11:02
PHST- 2022/01/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/02/22 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/03/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/12/12 11:02 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/12/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/12/13 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - JFMPC-11-5776 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_166_22 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Family Med Prim Care. 2022 Sep;11(9):5776-5784. doi: 
      10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_166_22. Epub 2022 Oct 14.