PMID- 36512803
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230111
LR  - 20230115
IS  - 1520-5851 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 57
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Jan 10
TI  - Emerging Contaminants and New POPs (PFAS and HBCDD) in Endangered Southern 
      Resident and Bigg's (Transient) Killer Whales (Orcinus orca): In Utero Maternal 
      Transfer and Pollution Management Implications.
PG  - 360-374
LID - 10.1021/acs.est.2c04126 [doi]
AB  - Killer whales (Orcinus orca) have been deemed one of the most contaminated 
      cetacean species in the world. However, concentrations and potential health 
      implications of selected 'contaminants of emerging concern' (CECs) and new 
      persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in endangered Southern Resident and 
      threatened Bigg's (Transient) killer whales in the Northeastern Pacific (NEP) 
      have not yet been documented. Here, we quantify CECs [alkylphenols (APs), 
      triclosan, methyl triclosan, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS)] and 
      new POPs [hexabromocyclododecane (HBCCD), PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS] in skeletal 
      muscle and liver samples of these sentinel species and investigate in utero 
      transfer of these contaminants. Samples were collected from necropsied 
      individuals from 2006 to 2018 and analyzed by LC-MS/MS or HRBC/HRMS. AP and PFAS 
      contaminants were the most prevalent compounds; 4-nonylphenol (4NP) was the 
      predominant AP (median 40.84 ng/g ww), and interestingly, 7:3-fluorotelomer 
      carboxylic acid (7:3 FTCA) was the primary PFAS (median 66.35 ng/g ww). Maternal 
      transfer ratios indicated 4NP as the most transferred contaminant from the dam to 
      the fetus, with maternal transfer rates as high as 95.1%. Although too few killer 
      whales have been screened for CECs and new POPs to infer the magnitude of 
      contamination impact, these results raise concerns regarding pathological 
      implications and potential impacts on fetal development and production of a 
      viable neonate. This study outlines CEC and new POP concentrations in killer 
      whales of the NEP and provides scientifically derived evidence to support and 
      inform regulation to mitigate pollutant sources and contamination of Southern 
      Resident killer whale critical habitat and other marine ecosystems.
FAU - Lee, Kiah
AU  - Lee K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0113-1534
AD  - Ocean Pollution Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University 
      of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada.
FAU - Alava, Juan Jose
AU  - Alava JJ
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6312-7776
AD  - Ocean Pollution Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University 
      of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada.
FAU - Cottrell, Paul
AU  - Cottrell P
AD  - Fisheries and Oceans Canada (DFO), Fisheries and Aquaculture Management, 401 
      Burrard Street, Vancouver V6C 3S4, Canada.
FAU - Cottrell, Lauren
AU  - Cottrell L
AD  - Department of Biology, University of Victoria, Cunningham Building 202, Victoria 
      V8P 5C2, Canada.
FAU - Grace, Richard
AU  - Grace R
AD  - SGS AXYS Analytical Services Ltd, 2045 Mills Road W, Sidney V8L 5X2, Canada.
FAU - Zysk, Ivona
AU  - Zysk I
AD  - SGS AXYS Analytical Services Ltd, 2045 Mills Road W, Sidney V8L 5X2, Canada.
FAU - Raverty, Stephen
AU  - Raverty S
AD  - Ocean Pollution Research Unit, Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University 
      of British Columbia, 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, Canada.
AD  - Animal Health Centre, BC Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Fisheries, 1767 Angus 
      Campbell Road, Abbotsford V3G 2M3, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20221213
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Fluorocarbons)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/methods
MH  - *Environmental Pollutants
MH  - *Whale, Killer
MH  - Ecosystem
MH  - Chromatography, Liquid
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry
MH  - *Fluorocarbons
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - alkylphenols
OT  - contaminants of emerging concern
OT  - endangered killer whales
OT  - marine ecotoxicology
OT  - maternal transfer
OT  - per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
EDAT- 2022/12/14 06:00
MHDA- 2023/01/12 06:00
CRDT- 2022/12/13 17:17
PHST- 2022/12/14 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/01/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/12/13 17:17 [entrez]
AID - 10.1021/acs.est.2c04126 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2023 Jan 10;57(1):360-374. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04126. 
      Epub 2022 Dec 13.