PMID- 36520182
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230216
LR  - 20230216
IS  - 1944-0057 (Electronic)
IS  - 1944-0057 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 2
DP  - 2023 Feb
TI  - First WHO/UNEP survey of the current concentrations of persistent organic 
      pollutants in human milk in Morocco.
PG  - 282-293
LID - 10.1080/19440049.2022.2154852 [doi]
AB  - The presence of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in human milk is an 
      indicator of the level of these substances in the environment and enables 
      evaluation of the potential exposure of breastfed children. POPs concentrations 
      in a Moroccan human milk pooled sample (59 donors) were determined for the first 
      time by the WHO reference laboratory to provide a baseline and allow monitoring 
      of the future trends for those persistent organohalogen compounds. Eighty-one 
      different POPs, including organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), polychlorinated 
      biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and dioxins and furans 
      (PCDD/Fs) were identified and quantified by using gas chromatography (GC) with an 
      electron capture detector (ECD) and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass 
      spectrometry (GC/LRMS). The obtained results showed that the sum of DDT (sum of 
      o,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDD, o,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDE, o,p'-DDT, and p,p'-DDT) was 237.9 ng/g, 
      representing 94.0% of all detected OCPs levels, with a dominance of p,p'-DDE, and 
      p,p'-DDT. Cis-heptachlor epoxide, HCB, and HCH were found at much lower levels. 
      PCB indicator level was 60.7 ng/g of lipid, with the dominance of PCB 138, PCB 
      153, and PCB 180, presenting 98.3% of the total. Among the 25 PBDE congeners 
      quantified, BDE-47, BDE-153, BDE-197, and BDE-207 were the dominant congeners 
      account for 15.4% of the total concentration of PBDE (1.3 pg/g lipid). The 
      lipid-adjusted level of PCDD/Fs and dl-PCBs expressed in Toxic Equivalents (TEQs: 
      6.65 pg/g) were lower in comparison to those found in the other countries. In 
      summary, detected POPs levels in Moroccan human milk were much lower compared to 
      the other countries, reflecting the effectiveness of the compliance with 
      Stockholm Convention requirements on eliminating or reducing emissions of 
      selected POPs. Continued monitoring is needed for these compounds, for which this 
      is the first data available, provided by the WHO/UNEP survey in Morocco.
FAU - Ait Lhaj, Farida
AU  - Ait Lhaj F
AD  - Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Faculty of 
      Sciences, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
AD  - Department of Toxicology, Health Ministry, National Institute of Health, Rabat, 
      Morocco.
FAU - Elhamri, Hecham
AU  - Elhamri H
AD  - Department of Toxicology, Health Ministry, National Institute of Health, Rabat, 
      Morocco.
FAU - Ait Lhaj, Zakaria
AU  - Ait Lhaj Z
AD  - Physiology and Physiopathology Team, Faculty of Sciences, Genomic of Human 
      Pathologies Research Centre, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
FAU - Malisch, Rainer
AU  - Malisch R
AD  - State Institute for Chemical and Veterinary Analysis of Food (CVUA), Freiburg, 
      Germany.
FAU - Kypke, Karin
AU  - Kypke K
AD  - State Institute for Chemical and Veterinary Analysis of Food (CVUA), Freiburg, 
      Germany.
FAU - Kabriti, Mohamed
AU  - Kabriti M
AD  - Laboratory of Ecology and Environment, Faculty of Sciences Ben M'Sik, University 
      Hassan II Casablanca, Morocco.
FAU - El Hajjaji, Souad
AU  - El Hajjaji S
AD  - Laboratory of Molecular Spectroscopy Modelling, Materials, Nanomaterials, Water 
      and Environment, Faculty of Science, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
FAU - Bellaouchou, Abdelkabir
AU  - Bellaouchou A
AD  - Laboratory of Nanomaterials, Nanotechnologies and Environment, Faculty of 
      Sciences, Center of Materials, Mohammed V University, Rabat, Morocco.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221215
PL  - England
TA  - Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess
JT  - Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & 
      risk assessment
JID - 101485040
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
RN  - 7REL09ZX35 (pentabromodiphenyl ether)
RN  - D4K93Z1TBH (o,p'-DDT)
RN  - CIW5S16655 (DDT)
RN  - 0 (Persistent Organic Pollutants)
RN  - 4M7FS82U08 (Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene)
RN  - 0 (Dibenzofurans)
RN  - 0 (Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins)
RN  - 0 (Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated)
RN  - 0 (Environmental Pollutants)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
RN  - 0 (Lipids)
SB  - IM
MH  - Child
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis
MH  - DDT/analysis
MH  - Persistent Organic Pollutants
MH  - Milk, Human/chemistry
MH  - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/analysis
MH  - Morocco
MH  - Dibenzofurans/analysis
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - *Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/analysis
MH  - Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
MH  - *Hydrocarbons, Chlorinated/analysis
MH  - *Environmental Pollutants/analysis
MH  - *Pesticides/analysis
MH  - Lipids
MH  - World Health Organization
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Human milk
OT  - Morocco
OT  - PCB
OT  - POPs
OT  - dioxins
OT  - furans
EDAT- 2022/12/16 06:00
MHDA- 2023/02/17 06:00
CRDT- 2022/12/15 11:14
PHST- 2022/12/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/17 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/12/15 11:14 [entrez]
AID - 10.1080/19440049.2022.2154852 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess. 2023 
      Feb;40(2):282-293. doi: 10.1080/19440049.2022.2154852. Epub 2022 Dec 15.