PMID- 36521879
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221219
LR  - 20221222
IS  - 2052-4897 (Electronic)
IS  - 2052-4897 (Linking)
VI  - 10
IP  - 6
DP  - 2022 Dec
TI  - Ethnic differences in 25-year risk of incident chronic kidney disease among 
      people with type 2 diabetes in New Zealand.
LID - 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003077 [doi]
LID - e003077
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Insights into ethnic differences in the natural history of chronic 
      kidney disease (CKD) among people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) might 
      inform clinical strategies to address disparities in hospitalization and 
      mortality. Risks of CKD II-V stages over a 25-year period between New Zealand 
      Europeans (NZEs), Maori and Pasifika, and with T2DM in Auckland, New Zealand (NZ) 
      were compared. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: As a primary care audit program in 
      Auckland, the Diabetes Care Support Service was linked with national registration 
      databases. People with existing CKD II-V were ruled out. To balance potential 
      confounders, we applied a tapered matching method . 'Quasi-trial'-matched cohorts 
      were set up separately between Maori and NZE and between Pasifika and NZE. Ethnic 
      population differences in risk of any and each stage of CKD over 1994-2018 were 
      examined by weighted Cox regression model. RESULTS: The HRs for developing any 
      CKD, CKD stages II-V for Maori (n=2215) versus NZE (n=2028) were 1.18 (95% CI 
      0.99 to 1.41), 1.10 (95% CI 0.91 to 1.32), 1.70 (95% CI 1.19 to 2.43), 3.93 (95% 
      CI 2.16 to 7.14), and 3.74 (95% CI 1.74 to 8.05), respectively. Compared with NZE 
      (n=2474), the HRs for developing any CKD, CKD stages II-V for Pasifika (n=3101) 
      were 1.31 (95% CI 1.09 to 1.57), 1.26 (95% CI 1.05 to 1.52), 1.71 (95% CI 1.14 to 
      2.57), 3.75 (95% CI 1.40 to 10.05), and 4.96 (95% CI 1.56 to 15.75), 
      respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Among people with T2DM in NZ, significant ethnic 
      differences exist in the risk of progressing to each stage of CKD (stage V in 
      particular). Mechanism studies underlying these differences, as well as the need 
      for identification of biomarkers to predict the early onset renal lesion, are 
      warranted.
CI  - (c) Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No 
      commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
FAU - Yu, Dahai
AU  - Yu D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8449-7725
AD  - Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 
      Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
AD  - Primary Care Centre Versus Arthritis, School of Medicine, Keele University, 
      Keele, UK.
FAU - Wang, Zheng
AU  - Wang Z
AD  - Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 
      Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Cai, Yamei
AU  - Cai Y
AD  - Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 
      Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China.
FAU - Osuagwu, Uchechukwu Levi
AU  - Osuagwu UL
AD  - School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, 
      Australia.
FAU - Pickering, Karen
AU  - Pickering K
AD  - Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand.
FAU - Baker, John
AU  - Baker J
AD  - Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand.
AD  - Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New 
      Zealand.
FAU - Cutfield, Richard
AU  - Cutfield R
AD  - Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand.
AD  - Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Waitemata District Health Board, 
      Auckland, New Zealand.
FAU - Orr-Walker, Brandon J
AU  - Orr-Walker BJ
AD  - Diabetes Foundation Aotearoa, Otara, New Zealand.
AD  - Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New 
      Zealand.
FAU - Sundborn, Gerhard
AU  - Sundborn G
AD  - Section of Pacific Health, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
FAU - Jayanatha, Kalpa
AU  - Jayanatha K
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8214-5021
AD  - Department of Renal Medicine, Counties Manukau Health, Auckland, New Zealand.
AD  - Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, the University of Auckland, Auckland, New 
      Zealand.
FAU - Zhao, Zhanzheng
AU  - Zhao Z
AD  - Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 
      Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China Da.Simmons@westernsydney.edu.au 
      zhanzhengzhao@zzu.edu.cn.
FAU - Simmons, David
AU  - Simmons D
AD  - Department of Nephrology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, 
      Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China Da.Simmons@westernsydney.edu.au 
      zhanzhengzhao@zzu.edu.cn.
AD  - School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Sydney, New South Wales, 
      Australia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care
JT  - BMJ open diabetes research & care
JID - 101641391
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/epidemiology
MH  - New Zealand/epidemiology
MH  - *Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology
MH  - Ethnicity
MH  - Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander
PMC - PMC9756147
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cohort Studies
OT  - Ethnic Groups
OT  - Kidney Failure, Chronic
OT  - Type 2 Diabetes
COIS- Competing interests: None declared.
EDAT- 2022/12/16 06:00
MHDA- 2022/12/20 06:00
PMCR- 2022/12/15
CRDT- 2022/12/15 20:42
PHST- 2022/08/07 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/10/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/12/15 20:42 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/12/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/12/20 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/12/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10/6/e003077 [pii]
AID - bmjdrc-2022-003077 [pii]
AID - 10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003077 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2022 Dec;10(6):e003077. doi: 
      10.1136/bmjdrc-2022-003077.