PMID- 36528000
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230228
LR  - 20230309
IS  - 1879-2219 (Electronic)
IS  - 0966-6362 (Linking)
VI  - 100
DP  - 2023 Feb
TI  - The influence of ankle-foot orthoses on gait pathology in children with cerebral 
      palsy: A retrospective study.
PG  - 149-156
LID - S0966-6362(22)00700-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.11.063 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Ankle-foot orthoses (AFOs) are frequently prescribed in children with 
      cerebral palsy (CP) to improve their gait. Due to the heterogeneous nature of CP 
      and contradictions among previous studies, it is important to evaluate the 
      AFO-specific effects, as well as explore their effects on different gait 
      patterns. RESEARCH QUESTIONS: a) What are the prevalence and specific features of 
      AFOs in children with CP? b) How do AFOs affect gait pathology in children with 
      CP? c) What are the pattern-specific effects of AFOs in children with CP? 
      METHODS: A group of 170 patients with CP underwent a three-dimensional gait 
      analysis with and without AFOs (either carbon fiber, rigid, flexible or hinged). 
      The gait profile score, the gait variable scores of the hip, knee and ankle 
      joints, non-dimensional step length and walking speed were used as outcome 
      measures. The AFO-specific effects on the kinematic and kinetic waveforms were 
      investigated using statistical non-parametric mapping (SnPM). Effects were 
      considered relevant when the minimal clinically important difference (MCID) or 
      the standard errors of measurement, for the parameters or the waveforms 
      respectively, were exceeded. RESULTS: Rigid AFOs were prescribed for more than 
      80 % of the children. Significant beneficial effects were observed for 
      non-dimensional step length and walking speed. Most changes in gait indices were 
      not considered relevant. The SnPM-analyses on the total group and specific gait 
      patterns revealed that walking with AFOs improved the kinematic and kinetic 
      waveforms. These effects were relevant, and were most obvious for crouch, 
      apparent equinus and the total group. SIGNIFICANCE: The use of AFOs improves 
      gait, whether we inspect a total -and thus heterogeneous- group or focus on 
      specific gait patterns. However, focussing on specific parameters (i.e. general 
      gait indices) does not provide a full picture of the AFO-effects.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Everaert, Laure
AU  - Everaert L
AD  - KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for 
      Neurorehabilitation (eNRGy), Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, 
      Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, Pellenberg, Belgium. Electronic address: 
      laure.everaert@kuleuven.be.
FAU - Papageorgiou, Eirini
AU  - Papageorgiou E
AD  - KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for 
      Neurorehabilitation (eNRGy), Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, 
      Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, Pellenberg, Belgium.
FAU - Van Campenhout, Anja
AU  - Van Campenhout A
AD  - KU Leuven, Department of Development and Regeneration, Organ Systems, Leuven, 
      Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Orthopedics, Leuven, Belgium.
FAU - Labey, Luc
AU  - Labey L
AD  - KU Leuven, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Geel, Belgium.
FAU - Desloovere, Kaat
AU  - Desloovere K
AD  - KU Leuven, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Research Group for 
      Neurorehabilitation (eNRGy), Leuven, Belgium; University Hospitals Leuven, 
      Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, Pellenberg, Belgium.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20221201
PL  - England
TA  - Gait Posture
JT  - Gait & posture
JID - 9416830
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Child
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Ankle
MH  - *Foot Orthoses
MH  - *Cerebral Palsy
MH  - Gait
MH  - Biomechanical Phenomena
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Ankle-foot orthosis
OT  - Gait classification
OT  - Spastic cerebral palsy
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2022/12/18 06:00
MHDA- 2023/03/03 06:00
CRDT- 2022/12/17 18:33
PHST- 2022/06/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/11/26 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/11/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/12/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/03/03 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/12/17 18:33 [entrez]
AID - S0966-6362(22)00700-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.11.063 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Gait Posture. 2023 Feb;100:149-156. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2022.11.063. Epub 
      2022 Dec 1.