PMID- 36536051
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221222
LR  - 20230122
IS  - 2045-2322 (Electronic)
IS  - 2045-2322 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Dec 19
TI  - Optimization of spring parameters by using the Bees algorithm for the foldable 
      wing mechanism.
PG  - 21913
LID - 10.1038/s41598-022-26361-1 [doi]
LID - 21913
AB  - In this study, the design of the torsion and compression springs of the foldable 
      wing mechanism used in the missile is considered an optimization problem. After 
      the missile leaves the tube, the wings waiting in a closed state must be opened 
      and fixed within a specific time. The study it is aimed to maximize the energy 
      stored by the springs so that the wing can be opened in a minimum time. In this 
      context, the energy equation in both publications is defined as the objective 
      function in the optimization process. Wire diameter, coiling diameter, coiling 
      number, and deflection parameters required for spring design were determined as 
      optimization variables. There are geometrical constraints for the variables due 
      to the dimensions of the mechanism and there are also safety factor constraints 
      due to the loads to which the springs are exposed. The Bees Algorithm (BA) was 
      used to solve this optimization problem and perform the spring design. The energy 
      values obtained with BA were better than the values obtained with the Design of 
      Experiment (DOE) study before. The springs and mechanism designed with the 
      parameters obtained from the optimization were first analyzed in the ADAMS 
      program. Afterward, experimental tests carried out by integrating the produced 
      springs into the actual mechanism. As a result of the tests, it was observed that 
      the wing opened at approximately 90 ms. This value is well below the project 
      target of 200 ms. In addition, there is only a 16 ms difference between the 
      analysis and the experimental results.
CI  - (c) 2022. The Author(s).
FAU - Sahin, Murat
AU  - Sahin M
AD  - Control Systems Department, Roketsan Inc., 06780, Elmadag, Ankara, Turkey. 
      msahin@roketsan.com.tr.
FAU - Kulunk, Zafer
AU  - Kulunk Z
AD  - System Engineering Department, Roketsan Inc., 06780, Elmadag, Ankara, Turkey.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20221219
PL  - England
TA  - Sci Rep
JT  - Scientific reports
JID - 101563288
SB  - IM
MH  - *Algorithms
MH  - *Stress, Mechanical
PMC - PMC9763473
COIS- We know of no conflicts of interest associated with this publication, and there 
      has been no significant financial support for this work that could have 
      influenced its outcome. As Corresponding Author, I confirm that the manuscript 
      has been read and approved for submission by all the named authors.
EDAT- 2022/12/20 06:00
MHDA- 2022/12/22 06:00
PMCR- 2022/12/19
CRDT- 2022/12/19 23:29
PHST- 2022/08/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/12/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/12/19 23:29 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/12/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/12/22 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/12/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-022-26361-1 [pii]
AID - 26361 [pii]
AID - 10.1038/s41598-022-26361-1 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Sci Rep. 2022 Dec 19;12(1):21913. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-26361-1.