PMID- 36536953
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20240402
IS  - 0973-3930 (Print)
IS  - 1998-3832 (Electronic)
IS  - 1998-3832 (Linking)
VI  - 42
IP  - 4
DP  - 2022 Oct
TI  - RSSDI Guidelines for the management of hypertension in patients with diabetes 
      mellitus.
PG  - 576-605
LID - 10.1007/s13410-022-01143-7 [doi]
AB  - Hypertension and diabetes mellitus (DM) are two of the leading lifestyle diseases 
      in the Indian and South Asian populations that often co-exist due to overlapping 
      pathophysiological factors. Obesity, insulin resistance, inflammation, and 
      oxidative stress are thought to be some common pathways. Up to 50% of 
      hypertensive cases in India are diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), 
      which defines the need for a comprehensive guideline for managing hypertension in 
      diabetic patients. These RSSDI guidelines have been formulated based on 
      consultation with expert endocrinologists in India and Southeast Asia, 
      acknowledging the needs of the Indian population. Ambulatory blood pressure 
      monitoring and office and home-based blood pressure (BP) monitoring are 
      recommended for the early analysis of risks. Cardiovascular risks, end-organ 
      damage, and renal disorders are the primary complications associated with 
      diabetic hypertension that needs to be managed with the help of 
      non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions. The non-pharmacological 
      interventions include the nutrition education of the patient to reduce the intake 
      of salt, sodium, and trans fats and increase the consumption of nuts, fresh 
      fruits, vegetables, and potassium-rich foods. It is also recommended to initiate 
      50 to 60 min of exercise three to four times a week since physical activity has 
      shown to be more beneficial for hypertension control in Indian patients than 
      dietary modulation. For the pharmacological management of hypertension in 
      patients with T2DM, angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) are recommended as 
      the first line of therapy, demonstrating their superiority over other 
      antihypertensive agents such as ACEi. However, most of the global hypertension 
      guidelines recommend initiation with combination therapy to achieve better BP 
      control in most patients and to reduce the risk of adverse events. For 
      combination therapy, calcium channel blockers (CCBs) are recommended to be 
      administered along with ARBs instead of beta-blockers or diuretics to avoid the 
      risk of cardiovascular events and hyperglycaemia. Among the CCBs, novel molecules 
      (e.g. cilnidipine) are recommended in combination with ARBs for better 
      cardiovascular and reno-protection in diabetic hypertensive patients.
CI  - (c) The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Research Society for Study of 
      Diabetes in India 2022, Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other 
      partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with 
      the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted 
      manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such 
      publishing agreement and applicable law.
FAU - Kumar, Vasanth
AU  - Kumar V
AD  - Apollo Hospitals, Hyderabad, India. GRID: grid.428010.f. ISNI: 0000 0004 1802 
      2996
AD  - President. RSSDI, Prune, India.
FAU - Agarwal, Sanjay
AU  - Agarwal S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-8889-2626
AD  - Aegle Clinic-Diabetes Care, Pune, India.
AD  - Department of Medicine and Diabetes, Ruby Hall Clinic, Pune, India. GRID: 
      grid.419353.9. ISNI: 0000 0004 1805 9940
AD  - Secretary-General, RSSDI, Pune, India.
FAU - Saboo, Banshi
AU  - Saboo B
AD  - Immediate Past-President, RSSDI, Pune, India.
AD  - Dia-Care Hormone Clinic, Ahmedabad, India. GRID: grid.477253.0
FAU - Makkar, Brij
AU  - Makkar B
AD  - President-Elect, RSSDI, Prune, India.
AD  - Dr Makkar's Diabetes & Obesity Centre, A-5B/122, Paschim Vihar, New Delhi, 110063 
      India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20221215
PL  - India
TA  - Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries
JT  - International journal of diabetes in developing countries
JID - 101285656
PMC - PMC9750845
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Diabetes mellitus
OT  - Hypertension
OT  - Macrovascular complication
OT  - Treatment
EDAT- 2022/12/21 06:00
MHDA- 2022/12/21 06:01
PMCR- 2022/12/15
CRDT- 2022/12/20 02:04
PHST- 2022/05/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/11/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/12/21 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/12/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/12/20 02:04 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/12/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 1143 [pii]
AID - 10.1007/s13410-022-01143-7 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries. 2022 Oct;42(4):576-605. doi: 
      10.1007/s13410-022-01143-7. Epub 2022 Dec 15.