PMID- 36544115
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221223
LR  - 20221224
IS  - 1472-6823 (Electronic)
IS  - 1472-6823 (Linking)
VI  - 22
IP  - 1
DP  - 2022 Dec 21
TI  - The non-linear link between remnant cholesterol and diabetic retinopathy: a 
      cross-sectional study in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus.
PG  - 326
LID - 10.1186/s12902-022-01239-5 [doi]
LID - 326
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Research on residual cholesterol (RC) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) 
      remains limited. As a result, the current study was designed to investigate the 
      relationship between RC and DR in patients with type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM). 
      METHODS: This cross-sectional study consecutively and non-selectively collected a 
      total of 1964 type 2 diabetic mellitus patients in two hospitals in Taiwan from 
      April 2002 to November 2004. A binary logistic regression model was then used to 
      assess the independent relationship between RC level and DR and proliferative 
      diabetic retinopathy (PDR). A generalized additive model (GAM) and smooth curve 
      fitting were used to investigate the actual shape of the curve between them. It 
      was stated that the data had been uploaded to the website: 
      https://journals.plos.org/plosone . RESULTS: The average age of the participants 
      was 64.10+/- 11.32 years old, with 42.92% being male. The prevalence of DR and 
      PDR was 35.13 and 18.13%, respectively. The mean RC level was 
      30.57 +/- 14.60 mg/dL. We found no significant association between RC and DR 
      (OR = 1.001; 95% CI 0.991, 1.011) or PDR (OR = 1.008; 95% CI 0.995, 1.021) based 
      on a fully adjusted logistic regression model. Results remained robust across a 
      series of sensitivity analyses. However, a non-linear relationship was detected 
      between RC and DR. Using a two-piece logistic regression model and a recursive 
      algorithm, we found an inflection point of RC was 13.0 mg/dL. A 1-unit increase 
      in the RC level was associated with 19.4% greater adjusted odds of DR 
      (OR = 1.194; 95% CI 1.070, 1.333) when RC < 13.0 mg/dL. There was also a 
      non-linear relationship between RC and PDR, and the inflection point of the RC 
      was 39.0 mg/dL. When RC < 39.0 mg/dL, a 1-unit increase in the RC level was 
      associated with 2.1% greater adjusted odds of PDR (OR = 1.021; 95% CI 1.004, 
      1.038). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates a non-linear relationship between RC 
      and DR or PDR in type 2 diabetic mellitus patients. Our findings provide new 
      insights into advancing research on the link between RC and DR or PDR.
CI  - (c) 2022. The Author(s).
FAU - Pan, Wushan
AU  - Pan W
AD  - Department of Nephrology, Kaifeng Central Hospital, Kaifeng, 475000, Henan 
      Province, China.
FAU - Han, Yong
AU  - Han Y
AD  - Department of Emergency, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, 
      Shenzhen, 518000, China.
AD  - Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, 
      Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
FAU - Hu, Haofei
AU  - Hu H
AD  - Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, Guangdong Province, 
      Shenzhen, 518000, China. huhaofei0319@126.com.
AD  - Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, 
      Guangdong Province, Shenzhen, 518000, China. huhaofei0319@126.com.
FAU - He, Yongcheng
AU  - He Y
AD  - Department of Nephrology, Shenzhen Hengsheng Hospital, No.3002 Sungang Road, 
      Futian District, Shenzhen, 518000, Guangdong Province, China. 
      heyongcheng640815@126.com.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221221
PL  - England
TA  - BMC Endocr Disord
JT  - BMC endocrine disorders
JID - 101088676
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Aged
MH  - Female
MH  - *Diabetic Retinopathy/epidemiology/etiology
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/epidemiology
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Prevalence
MH  - Logistic Models
PMC - PMC9768989
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cross-sectional study
OT  - Diabetic retinopathy
OT  - Generalized additive model
OT  - Non-linear
OT  - Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
OT  - Remnant cholesterol
COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests
EDAT- 2022/12/22 06:00
MHDA- 2022/12/24 06:00
PMCR- 2022/12/21
CRDT- 2022/12/21 23:43
PHST- 2022/04/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/12/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/12/21 23:43 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/12/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/12/24 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/12/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s12902-022-01239-5 [pii]
AID - 1239 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s12902-022-01239-5 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - BMC Endocr Disord. 2022 Dec 21;22(1):326. doi: 10.1186/s12902-022-01239-5.