PMID- 36544978
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20221223
IS  - 2008-4633 (Print)
IS  - 2008-8469 (Electronic)
IS  - 2008-4633 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 3
DP  - 2022 Jul
TI  - Psychiatric Comorbidity, Psychosocial Problems, and Functioning of People Who 
      Inject Opioids: An Observational Study.
PG  - 218-223
LID - 10.34172/ahj.2022.1310 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Injecting drug use (IDU) is a growing concern in India. This problem 
      may coexist with other psychiatric disorders. The psychiatric comorbidity in 
      IDUrs affects the psychosocial functioning of this population. This study aimed 
      to assess psychiatric comorbidities, psychosocial problems, and global 
      functioning of people who inject opioids. METHODS: This cross-sectional study 
      included opioid-dependent individuals with a history of injecting opioids who 
      visited an outpatient clinic for buprenorphine maintenance treatment. The 
      patients were assessed by SCID-I and SCID-II for Axis-I and Axis-II psychiatric 
      disorders, respectively. The diagnosis was confirmed according to DSM-IV-TR. 
      Moreover, the assessment of psychosocial and environmental problems was done 
      according to Axis-IV of DSM-IV. Functioning was assessed using the Global 
      Assessment of Functioning Scale (GAF). Substance use severity was also assessed 
      using Addiction Severity Index (ASI). FINDINGS: A total of 100 participants were 
      included in the study. All participants were male, and the majority (63%) were in 
      the age range of 18-40 years with the mean age of 36.96 (SD=10.12). Moreover, 76% 
      of the participants had psychiatric comorbidity. Mood disorder (28.95%), anxiety 
      disorder (13.16%), any personality disorder (27.63%) were the most common 
      comorbidities. The results also revealed psychosocial and environmental problems 
      were significantly higher in participants with comorbidity and their global 
      functioning was poor. CONCLUSION: Psychiatric comorbidities are quite common and 
      are associated with various psychosocial and environmental problems. Early 
      identification and interventions for comorbid conditions along with 
      community-based psychosocial rehabilitation should be considered for better 
      outcomes.
CI  - (c) 2022 Kerman University of Medical Sciences.
FAU - Farooqui, Azhar Mahmood
AU  - Farooqui AM
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7529-5486
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, Integral Institute of Medical Science and Research, 
      Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India.
FAU - Arya, Amit
AU  - Arya A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-7496-3462
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar 
      Pradesh, India.
FAU - Singh, Amit
AU  - Singh A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8877-8869
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar 
      Pradesh, India.
FAU - Dalal, Pronob Kumar
AU  - Dalal PK
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7317-4480
AD  - Department of Psychiatry, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar 
      Pradesh, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20220729
PL  - Iran
TA  - Addict Health
JT  - Addiction & health
JID - 101582275
PMC - PMC9743822
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Comorbidity
OT  - Heroin dependence
OT  - Opioid-related disorders
OT  - Psychosocial functioning
COIS- Conflict of Interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
EDAT- 2022/12/23 06:00
MHDA- 2022/12/23 06:01
PMCR- 2022/07/01
CRDT- 2022/12/22 02:26
PHST- 2021/09/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/04/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/12/22 02:26 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/12/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/12/23 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.34172/ahj.2022.1310 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Addict Health. 2022 Jul;14(3):218-223. doi: 10.34172/ahj.2022.1310. Epub 2022 Jul 
      29.