PMID- 36554299
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221226
LR  - 20230124
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 19
IP  - 24
DP  - 2022 Dec 7
TI  - Long-Term Changes in Vertical Jump, H:Q Ratio and Interlimb Asymmetries in Young 
      Female Volleyball Athletes.
LID - 10.3390/ijerph192416420 [doi]
LID - 16420
AB  - The present study aimed to examine the changes that occurred in vertical jump and 
      isokinetic dynamometer (ISK) performances at the beginning of a preparatory 
      period (PRE) and at the start of the competitive period (POST). Sixteen U-17 
      elite female volleyball players, from a national level (15.34 +/- 1.19 years; 66.35 
      +/- 7.95 kg; 169.22 +/- 24.79 cm), performed bilateral squat jump (SJ), bilateral and 
      unilateral countermovement jump (CMJ) and unilateral ISK tests for knee flexors 
      (Fl) and extensors (Ex) both at 60 degrees /s and at 300 degrees /s. Peak torque (PT) and the 
      hamstring-to-quadriceps (H:Q) ratio were assessed by concentric actions. 
      Asymmetries were calculated by the percentage differences between dominant (DOM) 
      and nondominant legs (NDOM). The paired Student's t-test was used for comparisons 
      at a level of significance of 5%. The effect size was also calculated. A 
      significant increase was found for both SJ (15%; p = 0.004; ES = 0.82) and CMJ 
      (12%; p = 0.017; ES = 0.62). The PT of NDOM flexors at 60 degrees /s was significantly 
      lower than DOM both at PRE (4.6%; p = 0.048; ES = -0.22) and POST (6.3%; p = 
      0.037; ES = -0.33). The NDOM extensors at 60 degrees /s had a significantly lower PT than 
      DOM at POST (7.0%; p = 0.048; ES = -0.23). Both DOM and NDOM flexors at 60 degrees /s had 
      a PT enhancement at POST related to PRE (6.7%; p = 0.031; ES = 0.51 and 5.6%; p = 
      0.037; ES = 0.48, respectively). The PT of NDOM extensors at 300 degrees /s increased at 
      POST in comparison to PRE (7.9%; p = 0.038; ES = 0.27). The NDOM at 300 degrees /s had a 
      H:Q ratio higher than DOM both in PRE and POST (8.6%; p = 0.041; ES = 0.37 and 
      11.6%; p = 0.013; ES = 0.71, respectively), and the highest H:Q ratios were lower 
      than the reference values (<80%). The asymmetry of the unilateral CMJ was higher 
      at POST than at PRE (102%; p = 0.03; ES = 0.81). The PT for the flexors at 300 degrees /s 
      and the H:Q ratio at POST exceeded 10%. In conclusion, a training program of 15 
      weeks increased the neuromuscular performance of young volleyball athletes, but 
      many H:Q ratios and asymmetries remained out of the normal recommendation. 
      Volleyball professionals should carefully apply an adequate training program to 
      enhance physical fitness performance without increasing the risk of lower limb 
      injuries concurrently.
FAU - Abad, Cesar Cavinato Cal
AU  - Abad CCC
AD  - Reference Centre of Sport Science of Social Service of Industry, CRCE-SESI, Sao 
      Paulo 05574-001, Brazil.
FAU - Lopes, Marcos Winicius Rodrigues
AU  - Lopes MWR
AD  - Reference Centre of Sport Science of Social Service of Industry, CRCE-SESI, Sao 
      Paulo 05574-001, Brazil.
FAU - Lara, Jerusa Petrovna Resende
AU  - Lara JPR
AD  - Reference Centre of Sport Science of Social Service of Industry, CRCE-SESI, Sao 
      Paulo 05574-001, Brazil.
FAU - Oliveira, Anderson Jose Santana
AU  - Oliveira AJS
AD  - Reference Centre of Sport Science of Social Service of Industry, CRCE-SESI, Sao 
      Paulo 05574-001, Brazil.
FAU - da Silva, Raphael Planas Correa
AU  - da Silva RPC
AD  - Reference Centre of Sport Science of Social Service of Industry, CRCE-SESI, Sao 
      Paulo 05574-001, Brazil.
FAU - Facin, Elder Aparecido
AU  - Facin EA
AD  - Reference Centre of Sport Science of Social Service of Industry, CRCE-SESI, Sao 
      Paulo 05574-001, Brazil.
FAU - Izar, Antonio Jose
AU  - Izar AJ
AD  - Reference Centre of Sport Science of Social Service of Industry, CRCE-SESI, Sao 
      Paulo 05574-001, Brazil.
FAU - Teixeira, Fabiano Gomes
AU  - Teixeira FG
AD  - Reference Centre of Sport Science of Social Service of Industry, CRCE-SESI, Sao 
      Paulo 05574-001, Brazil.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221207
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Female
MH  - *Volleyball
MH  - Muscle Strength
MH  - Knee
MH  - Knee Joint
MH  - Athletes
PMC - PMC9778845
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - injury
OT  - isokinetic dynamometer
OT  - performance
OT  - physical fitness
OT  - sport
OT  - training
OT  - vertical jump
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/12/24 06:00
MHDA- 2022/12/27 06:00
PMCR- 2022/12/07
CRDT- 2022/12/23 01:26
PHST- 2022/10/24 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/11/25 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/12/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/12/23 01:26 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/12/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/12/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/12/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph192416420 [pii]
AID - ijerph-19-16420 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph192416420 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Dec 7;19(24):16420. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph192416420.