PMID- 36558484
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20221226
LR  - 20221227
IS  - 2072-6643 (Electronic)
IS  - 2072-6643 (Linking)
VI  - 14
IP  - 24
DP  - 2022 Dec 15
TI  - Revised Protein Sparing Diet in Obesity and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
LID - 10.3390/nu14245325 [doi]
LID - 5325
AB  - Effective nutrition therapy is a pressing issue in obesity and type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus (T2DM) management. As such, this research aimed to determine the 
      performance of a revised dietary strategy built on the protein-sparing diet in 
      obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus with regard to obtaining a rapid and stable 
      improvement in glucometabolic control, body weight, body composition, and energy 
      metabolism when applying the strategy in just twenty-one days. The revised 
      protein-sparing diet differs from the traditional protein-sparing modified fast 
      (PSMF) because it does not include foods. The daily calorie intake of this diet 
      is exclusively derived from Isolate whey protein in addition to a formulation of 
      Isolate whey protein enriched with essential amino acids in free form, with the 
      addition of lipids such as extra virgin olive oil and coconut oil as a source of 
      medium chain fatty acids, where the latter is taken for only the first four days 
      of the diet, together with the use, for the same duration, of extended-release 
      metformin, as the only antihyperglycemic allowed. Anthropometric measurements, 
      bioimpedance analysis, indirect calorimetry, and blood chemistry assessments were 
      conducted at the beginning of the study, time 0 (T0), and at the end, time 1 
      (T1), i.e., on the 21st day. The main outcomes of the revised protein-sparing 
      diet after only twenty-one days were a reduction in body weight with the 
      predominant loss of visceral atherogenic abdominal fat and, therefore, a possible 
      contextual reduction in ectopic fat deposits together with a simultaneous 
      reduction in insulin resistance and normalization of insulin levels, maintenance 
      of free fat mass and basal metabolism, restoration of metabolic flexibility, and 
      improvement of the glucometabolic and lipidic parameters. These results 
      demonstrate the promising potential of the revised protein-sparing diet as an 
      "etiologic tool" in the integrated nutritional treatment of metabolic diseases 
      such as obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
FAU - Cincione, Raffaele Ivan
AU  - Cincione RI
AD  - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 
      Foggia, Italy.
FAU - Losavio, Francesca
AU  - Losavio F
AD  - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 
      Foggia, Italy.
FAU - Cibelli, Giuseppe
AU  - Cibelli G
AD  - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 
      Foggia, Italy.
FAU - Messina, Giovanni
AU  - Messina G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0011-867X
AD  - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 
      Foggia, Italy.
FAU - Polito, Rita
AU  - Polito R
AD  - Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 
      Foggia, Italy.
FAU - Casula, Elias
AU  - Casula E
AD  - IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, 00128 Rome, Italy.
FAU - Cincione, Pamela Pia
AU  - Cincione PP
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
FAU - Amatruda, Marco
AU  - Amatruda M
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
FAU - Limone, Pierpaolo
AU  - Limone P
AD  - Department of Humanities, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221215
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Nutrients
JT  - Nutrients
JID - 101521595
RN  - 0 (Whey Proteins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism
MH  - Whey Proteins
MH  - Obesity
MH  - Body Weight
MH  - Diet
PMC - PMC9788379
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - body composition
OT  - diabetes reversal
OT  - ectopic fat
OT  - fat mass
OT  - free fat mass
OT  - indirect calorimetry
OT  - metabolic inflexibility
OT  - obesity
OT  - revised protein sparing diet
OT  - type 2 diabetes mellitus
COIS- The authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
EDAT- 2022/12/24 06:00
MHDA- 2022/12/27 06:00
PMCR- 2022/12/15
CRDT- 2022/12/23 01:53
PHST- 2022/10/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/11/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/12/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/12/23 01:53 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/12/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/12/27 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2022/12/15 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - nu14245325 [pii]
AID - nutrients-14-05325 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/nu14245325 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Nutrients. 2022 Dec 15;14(24):5325. doi: 10.3390/nu14245325.