PMID- 36565572 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230223 LR - 20230223 IS - 1873-6750 (Electronic) IS - 0160-4120 (Linking) VI - 171 DP - 2023 Jan TI - Environmental exposure to perchlorate, nitrate and thiocyanate, and thyroid function in Chinese adults: A community-based cross-sectional study. PG - 107713 LID - S0160-4120(22)00640-7 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107713 [doi] AB - BACKGROUND: Evidence on environmental exposure to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate, three thyroidal sodium iodine symporter (NIS) inhibitors, and thyroid function in the Chinese population remains limited. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the associations of environmental exposure to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate with markers of thyroid function in Chinese adults. METHODS: A total of 2441 non-pregnant adults (mean age 50.4 years and 39.1% male) with a median urinary iodine of 180.1 mug/L from four communities in Shenzhen were included in this cross-sectional study. Urinary perchlorate, nitrate, thiocyanate, and thyroid profiles, including serum free thyroxine (FT4), total thyroxine (TT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), total triiodothyronine (TT3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), were measured. Generalized linear model was applied to investigate the single-analyte associations. Weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression and Bayesian kernel machine regression (BKMR) models were used to examine the association between the co-occurrence of three anions and thyroid profile. RESULTS: The median levels of urinary perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate were 5.8 mug/g, 76.4 mg/g, and 274.1 mug/g, respectively. After adjusting for confounders, higher urinary perchlorate was associated with lower serum FT4, TT4, and TT3, and higher serum FT3 and TSH (all P < 0.05). Comparing extreme tertiles, subjects in the highest nitrate tertile had marginally elevated TT3 (beta: 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00-0.04). Each 1-unit increase in log-transformed urinary thiocyanate was associated with a 0.04 (95% CI: 0.02-0.06) pmol/L decrease in serum FT3. The WQS indices were inversely associated with serum FT4, TT4, and FT3 (all P < 0.05). In the BKMR model, the mixture of three anions was inversely associated with serum FT4, TT4, and FT3. CONCLUSIONS: Our study provides evidence that individual and combined environmental exposure to perchlorate, nitrate, and thiocyanate are associated with significant changes in thyroid function markers in the Chinese population with adequate iodine intake. CI - Copyright (c) 2022. Published by Elsevier Ltd. FAU - King, Lei AU - King L AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. FAU - Wang, Qiang AU - Wang Q AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. FAU - Xia, Lili AU - Xia L AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. FAU - Wang, Pei AU - Wang P AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. FAU - Jiang, Guanhua AU - Jiang G AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. FAU - Li, Wanyi AU - Li W AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. FAU - Huang, Yue AU - Huang Y AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. FAU - Liang, Xiaoling AU - Liang X AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. FAU - Peng, Xiaolin AU - Peng X AD - Department of Non-communicable Disease Prevention and Control, Shenzhen Nanshan Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, China. FAU - Li, Yonggang AU - Li Y AD - Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory for Applied Toxicology, Hubei Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China. FAU - Chen, Liangkai AU - Chen L AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. Electronic address: clk@hust.edu.cn. FAU - Liu, Liegang AU - Liu L AD - Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Ministry of Education Key Lab of Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China. Electronic address: lgliu@mails.tjmu.edu.cn. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20221221 PL - Netherlands TA - Environ Int JT - Environment international JID - 7807270 RN - 9679TC07X4 (Iodine) RN - 0 (Nitrates) RN - VLA4NZX2P4 (perchlorate) RN - 0 (Perchlorates) RN - O748SU14OM (thiocyanate) RN - 0 (Thiocyanates) RN - 9002-71-5 (Thyrotropin) RN - Q51BO43MG4 (Thyroxine) RN - 06LU7C9H1V (Triiodothyronine) SB - IM MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Male MH - Middle Aged MH - Bayes Theorem MH - Cross-Sectional Studies MH - East Asian People MH - Environmental Exposure/adverse effects MH - *Iodine/urine MH - Nitrates MH - Perchlorates/adverse effects/urine MH - Thiocyanates/urine MH - *Thyroid Gland MH - Thyrotropin MH - Thyroxine MH - Triiodothyronine MH - China OTO - NOTNLM OT - Cross-sectional study OT - Nitrate OT - Perchlorate OT - Thiocyanate OT - Thyroid COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper. EDAT- 2022/12/25 06:00 MHDA- 2023/01/24 06:00 CRDT- 2022/12/24 18:15 PHST- 2022/09/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/11/27 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/12/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/12/25 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/01/24 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/12/24 18:15 [entrez] AID - S0160-4120(22)00640-7 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107713 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Environ Int. 2023 Jan;171:107713. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107713. Epub 2022 Dec 21.