PMID- 36569918 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20221227 LR - 20230118 IS - 1664-3224 (Electronic) IS - 1664-3224 (Linking) VI - 13 DP - 2022 TI - Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for locally advanced rectal cancer: A new era for anal preservation. PG - 1067036 LID - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1067036 [doi] LID - 1067036 AB - For locally advanced (T3-4/N+M0) rectal cancer (LARC), neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) followed by total mesorectal excision (TME) is the standard treatment. It was demonstrated to decrease the local recurrence rate and increase the tumor response grade. However, the distant metastasis remains an unresolved issue. And the demand for anus preservation and better quality of life increases in recent years. Radiotherapy and immunotherapy can be supplement to each other and the combination of the two treatments has a good theoretical basis. Recently, multiple clinical trials are ongoing in terms of the combination of nCRT and immunotherapy in LARC. It was reported that these trials achieved promising short-term efficacy in both MSI-H and MSS rectal cancers, which could further improve the rate of clinical complete response (cCR) and pathological complete response (pCR), so that increase the possibility of 'Watch and Wait (W&W)' approach. However, the cCR and pCR is not always consistent, which occurs more frequent when nCRT is combined with immunotherapy. Thus, the efficacy evaluation after neoadjuvant therapy is an important issue for patient selection of W&W approach. Evaluating the cCR accurately needs the combination of multiple traditional examinations, new detective methods, such as PET-CT, ctDNA-MRD and various omics studies. And finding accurate biomarkers can help guide the risk stratification and treatment decisions. And large-scale clinical trials need to be performed in the future to demonstrate the surprising efficacy and to explore the long-term prognosis. CI - Copyright (c) 2022 Wang, Shen, Wan, Zhang, Wu, Wang, Wang, Xu, Cai, Zhang and Xia. FAU - Wang, Yaqi AU - Wang Y AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. AD - Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. AD - Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China. AD - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China. FAU - Shen, Lijun AU - Shen L AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. AD - Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. AD - Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China. AD - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China. FAU - Wan, Juefeng AU - Wan J AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. AD - Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. AD - Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China. AD - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China. FAU - Zhang, Hui AU - Zhang H AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. AD - Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. AD - Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China. AD - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China. FAU - Wu, Ruiyan AU - Wu R AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. AD - Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. AD - Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China. AD - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China. FAU - Wang, Jingwen AU - Wang J AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. AD - Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. AD - Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China. AD - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China. FAU - Wang, Yan AU - Wang Y AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. AD - Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. AD - Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China. AD - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China. FAU - Xu, Ye AU - Xu Y AD - Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. AD - Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. FAU - Cai, Sanjun AU - Cai S AD - Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. AD - Department of Colorectal Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. FAU - Zhang, Zhen AU - Zhang Z AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. AD - Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. AD - Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China. AD - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China. FAU - Xia, Fan AU - Xia F AD - Department of Radiation Oncology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai, China. AD - Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China. AD - Shanghai Clinical Research Center for Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China. AD - Shanghai Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20221208 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Immunol JT - Frontiers in immunology JID - 101560960 SB - IM MH - Humans MH - *Neoadjuvant Therapy MH - Anal Canal/pathology MH - Treatment Outcome MH - Quality of Life MH - Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography MH - Chemoradiotherapy MH - *Rectal Neoplasms/therapy/pathology MH - Immunotherapy PMC - PMC9772444 OTO - NOTNLM OT - anus preservation OT - immunotherapy OT - locally advanced rectal cancer OT - neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy OT - research progress OT - tumor response COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. EDAT- 2022/12/27 06:00 MHDA- 2022/12/28 06:00 PMCR- 2022/01/01 CRDT- 2022/12/26 04:25 PHST- 2022/10/11 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/11/24 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2022/12/26 04:25 [entrez] PHST- 2022/12/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2022/12/28 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2022/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1067036 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Immunol. 2022 Dec 8;13:1067036. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1067036. eCollection 2022.