PMID- 36582708
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230103
IS  - 2405-8440 (Print)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Electronic)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 12
DP  - 2022 Dec
TI  - The effect of noisome preparation methods in encapsulating 5-fluorouracil and 
      real time cell assay against HCT-116 colon cancer cell line.
PG  - e12369
LID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12369 [doi]
LID - e12369
AB  - The formulation of niosomes is influenced by a number of variables, and these 
      variables may eventually affect the formulation's outcome. One of the elements 
      that can influence the physico-chemical properties of niosomes is the method used 
      in preparation of the formulation. In this study, we established if various 
      methods of preparation have any impact on the prepared vesicles when loaded with 
      5-fluorouracil. Thereafter, a real-time cell assay (an in vitro cytotoxicity 
      test) against HCT-116 colon cancer cell lines was done on an optimised batch. 
      5-fluorouracil loaded niosomes were prepared with either Tween 60 or Span 60 by 
      four different methods - namely thin film hydration (TFH), reverse phase 
      evaporation (RPE), evaporation/sonication (EVP/SON), and the ethanol injection 
      method (EIM). In vitro evaluations were done on the formulations, and these 
      included particle size analysis, entrapment efficiency, scanning electron 
      microscopy (SEM), photomicrography, drug release, polydispersity index, and 
      Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of the preparation 
      method and type of non-ionic surfactants on encapsulation efficiency, particle 
      size, and in vitro drug release of the niosomes at pH 7.4 were evaluated. An in 
      vitro cytotoxicity test (real time cell assay (RTCA)) against HCT-116 cells was 
      carried out using the optimised formulation. Results showed physically stable 
      formulations. The TFH method produced the smallest particle sizes (187 nm and 482 
      nm), while the EVP/SON method produced the largest particle sizes (4476 nm and 
      9111 nm). The Tween-based niosomes prepared by TFH or RPE had higher drug 
      entrapment. The FTIR studies of niosomal formulations showed broad peaks at 
      wavenumbers above 3000 cm(-1), indicating strong hydrogen bonds. The RTCA showed 
      5-fluorouracil-loaded niosomes caused more sustained cell death compared to the 
      pure drug and blank niosomes. The methods of preparation affected the particle 
      size, polydispersity index, entrapment efficiency, and the physical stability of 
      the vesicles. The thin film hydration method was more robust in the entrapped 
      5-fluorouracil and showed lower particle sizes when compared to all the other 
      methods. RTCA showed sustained cell death in real time.
CI  - (c) 2022 The Author(s).
FAU - Ugorji, Onyinyechi Lydia
AU  - Ugorji OL
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of 
      Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
FAU - Umeh, Ogochukwu Ngozi Chidimma
AU  - Umeh ONC
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of 
      Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
FAU - Agubata, Chukwuma Obumneme
AU  - Agubata CO
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of 
      Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
FAU - Adah, Dickson
AU  - Adah D
AD  - Department of Cancer Immunology, Clinical research center Lund University, Malmo, 
      Sweden.
FAU - Obitte, Nicholas Chinedu
AU  - Obitte NC
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of 
      Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
FAU - Chukwu, Amarauche
AU  - Chukwu A
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Industrial Pharmacy, University of 
      Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221216
PL  - England
TA  - Heliyon
JT  - Heliyon
JID - 101672560
PMC - PMC9793284
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - 5 Fluorouracil
OT  - Cholesterol
OT  - Niosomes
OT  - RTCA
OT  - Span 60
OT  - Tween 60
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2022/12/31 06:00
MHDA- 2022/12/31 06:01
PMCR- 2022/12/16
CRDT- 2022/12/30 02:29
PHST- 2022/07/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/10/17 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/12/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2022/12/30 02:29 [entrez]
PHST- 2022/12/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2022/12/31 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/12/16 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2405-8440(22)03657-X [pii]
AID - e12369 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12369 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Heliyon. 2022 Dec 16;8(12):e12369. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12369. 
      eCollection 2022 Dec.