PMID- 36589864
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230103
IS  - 2667-114X (Electronic)
IS  - 2667-114X (Linking)
VI  - 2
DP  - 2022
TI  - Efficacy of the transfluthrin-based personal insect repellent kit (PIRK) against 
      the ixodid ticks Ixode s scapularis, Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor 
      variabilis.
PG  - 100070
LID - 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100070 [doi]
LID - 100070
AB  - An assay series was performed to assess the contact and spatial efficacy of the 
      Personal Insect Repellent Kit (PIRK) against three species of ixodid ticks. The 
      PIRK, a portable, passive device comprised of an inert physical substrate 
      incorporated with the active ingredient (AI) transfluthrin (TF), has demonstrated 
      spatial efficacy against flying insects, including three species of mosquitoes, 
      sand flies and stable flies. The device is the only TF end-use product registered 
      with the EPA. Here we report the first studies to explore potential of the PIRK 
      to control Ixodes scapularis, Amblyomma americanum and Dermacentor variabilis. 
      Dose-response assays confirmed toxicity of TF to larvae of all species in the 
      mug/ml range following a 30-min exposure period. Nymphs and adults exhibited 
      irritancy and avoidance behaviors on contact with the PIRK. Greater than 90% 
      knockdown (KD) of I. scapularis nymphs and adults was observed after a 10-s 
      exposure, and of A. americanum nymphs and adults after 10-s and 120-s exposure, 
      respectively. Additionally, greater than 90% mortality was observed in 
      I. scapularis nymphs and adults after 10-s and 40-s exposure, respectively. In 
      spatial assays, the PIRK caused KD and post-exposure mortality of adult female 
      I. scapularis exposed at a range of 5-28 cm. These results suggest both contact 
      and spatial capacity of the PIRK, with greatest potency to nymphs versus adults 
      and the prostriate tick I. scapularis versus the metastriate species 
      A. americanum and D. variabilis. Future studies will explore spatial activity at 
      a range of distances and exposure times, in the presence and absence of host cues 
      and under semi-field conditions.
CI  - (c) 2021 The Authors.
FAU - Murgia, Maria V
AU  - Murgia MV
AD  - Purdue University, Department of Entomology, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2089, USA.
FAU - Kaur, Jasleen
AU  - Kaur J
AD  - Purdue University, Department of Entomology, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2089, USA.
FAU - Widder, Laurie
AU  - Widder L
AD  - Widder Brothers, Inc., New York, NY 10019, USA.
FAU - Hill, Catherine A
AU  - Hill CA
AD  - Purdue University, Department of Entomology, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2089, USA.
AD  - Purdue Institute for Inflammation, Immunology and Infectious Disease, West 
      Lafayette, IN 47907-2089, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20211220
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis
JT  - Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases
JID - 9918226380706676
PMC - PMC9795340
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Amblyomma
OT  - Dermacentor
OT  - Ixodes
OT  - Personal insect repellent kit (PIRK)
OT  - Tick
OT  - Transfluthrin
COIS- The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or 
      personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in 
      this paper.
EDAT- 2021/12/20 00:00
MHDA- 2021/12/20 00:01
PMCR- 2021/12/20
CRDT- 2023/01/02 04:10
PHST- 2021/10/08 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2021/12/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2021/12/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/01/02 04:10 [entrez]
PHST- 2021/12/20 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2021/12/20 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2021/12/20 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2667-114X(21)00064-9 [pii]
AID - 100070 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100070 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Curr Res Parasitol Vector Borne Dis. 2021 Dec 20;2:100070. doi: 
      10.1016/j.crpvbd.2021.100070. eCollection 2022.