PMID- 36610187
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230124
LR  - 20230201
IS  - 1873-3778 (Electronic)
IS  - 0021-9673 (Linking)
VI  - 1689
DP  - 2023 Jan 25
TI  - On-site Simultaneous Determination of Neonicotinoids, Carbamates, and Phenyl 
      Pyrazole Insecticides in Vegetables by QuEChERS Extraction on Nitrogen and Sulfur 
      co-doped Carbon Dots and Portable Mass Spectrometry.
PG  - 463744
LID - S0021-9673(22)00935-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463744 [doi]
AB  - In food safety monitoring, on-site and simultaneous detection of a variety of 
      insecticides with different concentrations in the same matrix is necessary. 
      However, the task remains challenging. In this study, a novel nitrogen and sulfur 
      co-doped carbon dot (N, S-CD) was synthesized and used as a QuEChERS clean-up 
      reagent to reduce matrix interferences in the determination of insecticides in 
      vegetables. In addition, a portable mass spectrometer (micro-MS) was employed, 
      without chromatography separation, to directly determine neonicotinoids, 
      carbamates, and benzopyrazole insecticides (with acetamiprid, imidacloprid, 
      thiamethoxam, fipronil, and carbofuran as models) in the pretreated samples. The 
      N,S-CD micro-MS method exhibited effective clean-up performance with satisfactory 
      matrix effects between -15.2% and 15.7%. The recoveries of spiked vegetable 
      samples ranged from 82.2% to 109.7% for the five target insecticides, and the 
      relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 3.8% to 16.5%. The linear ranges 
      were from 2.0 to 5.0 ng/g, with low detection limits (LOD) from 0.5 to 1.0 ng/g. 
      Moreover, the total pretreatment and detection time was within 20 min. Thus, the 
      incorporation of N,S-CD with QuEChERS extraction, together with the portable micro-MS 
      system, could be a promising and feasible strategy for on-site, rapid, and 
      simultaneous detection of various insecticides in vegetables.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022. Published by Elsevier B.V.
FAU - Mou, Binglin
AU  - Mou B
AD  - Faculty of material science and chemical engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 
      315211, China; College of food and pharmaceutical science, Ningbo University, 
      Ningbo, 315211,China.
FAU - Zuo, Chengyi
AU  - Zuo C
AD  - Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 
      Guangzhou 510632, China.
FAU - Chen, La
AU  - Chen L
AD  - The research institute of advanced technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 
      315211,China; China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315000, China.
FAU - Xie, Hongzhen
AU  - Xie H
AD  - Faculty of material science and chemical engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 
      315211, China.
FAU - Zhang, Wentian
AU  - Zhang W
AD  - China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315000, China.
FAU - Wang, Qiqin
AU  - Wang Q
AD  - Institute of Pharmaceutical Analysis, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, 
      Guangzhou 510632, China.
FAU - Wen, Luhong
AU  - Wen L
AD  - The research institute of advanced technologies, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 
      315211,China; China Innovation Instrument Co., Ltd, Ningbo, 315000, China; 
      Guangzhou Hua Yue Hang Instrument Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510000, China. Electronic 
      address: wenluhong@nbu.edu.cn.
FAU - Gan, Ning
AU  - Gan N
AD  - Faculty of material science and chemical engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 
      315211, China. Electronic address: ganning@nbu.edu.cn.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221223
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Chromatogr A
JT  - Journal of chromatography. A
JID - 9318488
RN  - 0 (Insecticides)
RN  - 0 (Carbamates)
RN  - 0 (Neonicotinoids)
RN  - 0 (Pyrazoles)
RN  - 0 (Pesticide Residues)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Insecticides/analysis
MH  - Vegetables/chemistry
MH  - Carbamates/analysis
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods
MH  - Neonicotinoids/analysis
MH  - Pyrazoles
MH  - *Pesticide Residues/analysis
MH  - Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid/methods
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Carbon dots
OT  - Pesticide residues
OT  - Portable mass spectrometer
OT  - QUECHERS
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this manuscript.
EDAT- 2023/01/08 06:00
MHDA- 2023/01/25 06:00
CRDT- 2023/01/07 18:06
PHST- 2022/10/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/12/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/12/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/01/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/01/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2023/01/07 18:06 [entrez]
AID - S0021-9673(22)00935-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463744 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Chromatogr A. 2023 Jan 25;1689:463744. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2022.463744. Epub 
      2022 Dec 23.