PMID- 36628463
OWN - NLM
STAT- Publisher
LR  - 20240216
IS  - 1520-5851 (Electronic)
IS  - 0013-936X (Print)
IS  - 0013-936X (Linking)
VI  - 57
IP  - 3
DP  - 2023 Jan 10
TI  - Aspartame-Sweetened Tap Water: Transformation Products and 
      2,6-Dichloro-1,4-Benzoquinone Formation.
PG  - 1332-41
LID - 10.1021/acs.est.2c07156 [doi]
AB  - Aspartame (APM), a dipeptide of aspartic acid (ASP) and phenylalanine (PHE), is a 
      widely used artificial sweetener in beverages. It is unclear whether residual 
      chlorine in tap water can react with APM to form disinfection byproducts (DBPs). 
      Therefore, we investigated the formation of DBPs from the reaction of APM with 
      residual chlorine in authentic tap water. APM and a commercial sweetener (CS) 
      packet containing APM were studied under authentic and simulated tap water 
      conditions. Eight chlorinated products of APM were detected using solid-phase 
      extraction (SPE) and high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole 
      time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS). These new chloro-products were 
      tentatively identified based on accurate masses, isotopic patterns of (35,37)Cl, 
      and MS/MS spectra. Furthermore, we identified APM as a precursor to 
      2,6-dichloro-1,4-benzoquinone (DCBQ). DCBQ significantly increased to 2.3-12 ng/L 
      with the addition of APM or CS in tap waters collected from different locations 
      compared to 1.4-1.8 ng/L in the same tap water samples without sweetener. DCBQ 
      and two of the chlorinated transformation products were identified in cold 
      prepared tea containing APM. DCBQ formation was eliminated when the residual 
      chlorine in tap water was reduced by ascorbic acid or boiling prior to the 
      addition of APM or CS. This study found that eight new DBPs and DCBQ were 
      produced by the reactions of residual chlorine with APM and CS. These findings 
      show an unintended exposure source of emerging DBPs via APM sweetened beverages.
FAU - Wawryk, Nicholas J P
AU  - Wawryk NJP
AD  - Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory 
      Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 
      Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada.
FAU - Huang, Guang
AU  - Huang G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4275-9221
AD  - Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory 
      Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 
      Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada.
AD  - Department of Hygiene Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing 
      Medical University, 101 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, P.R. China.
FAU - Craven, Caley
AU  - Craven C
AD  - Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory 
      Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 
      Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada.
FAU - Qiu, Junlang
AU  - Qiu J
AD  - Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory 
      Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 
      Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada.
FAU - Jmaiff Blackstock, Lindsay K
AU  - Jmaiff Blackstock LK
AD  - Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory 
      Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 
      Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada.
FAU - Li, Xing-Fang
AU  - Li XF
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-1844-7700
AD  - Division of Analytical and Environmental Toxicology, Department of Laboratory 
      Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 
      Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230110
PL  - United States
TA  - Environ Sci Technol
JT  - Environmental science & technology
JID - 0213155
SB  - IM
PMC - PMC9878719
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - aspartame
OT  - chloramination
OT  - chlorination
OT  - disinfection byproducts (DBPs)
OT  - halobenzoquinones (HBQs)
OT  - residual chlorine
COIS- The authors declare no competing financial interest.
EDAT- 2023/01/12 06:00
MHDA- 2023/01/12 06:00
PMCR- 2023/01/26
CRDT- 2023/01/11 02:42
PHST- 2023/01/11 02:42 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/01/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/01/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2023/01/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1021/acs.est.2c07156 [doi]
PST - aheadofprint
SO  - Environ Sci Technol. 2023 Jan 10;57(3):1332-41. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.2c07156.