PMID- 36643534
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230117
IS  - 2470-1343 (Electronic)
IS  - 2470-1343 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Jan 10
TI  - Effect of Seawater Ions on Polymer Hydration in the Presence of a Chelating 
      Agent: Application to Hydraulic Fracturing.
PG  - 969-975
LID - 10.1021/acsomega.2c06356 [doi]
AB  - Seawater (SW) and produced water (PW) could replace freshwater in hydraulic 
      fracturing operations, but their high salinity impacts the fluid stability and 
      results in formation damage. Few researchers investigated SW and PW individual 
      ions' impact on polymer hydration and rheology. This research examines the 
      rheology of carboxy methyl hydroxy propyl guar (CMHPG) polymer hydrated in salt 
      ions in the presence of a chelating agent. The effect of various molar 
      concentrations of SW and PW salt ions on the rheology of CMHPG polymer solution 
      was examined. The tested salt ions included calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, 
      sodium chloride, and sodium sulfate, which were compared to SW and deionized 
      water (DI) solutions. The solutions were tested at 70  degrees C temperature, 500 psi 
      pressure, and 100 1/s shear rate. A GLDA chelating agent was utilized at 
      different concentrations to examine their impact on stabilizing the solution 
      viscosity. We found that adding the GLDA to magnesium and calcium chloride 
      solutions increased the viscosity. Results showed that sulfate ions control the 
      rheology of seawater due to their similar rheological response to the addition of 
      GLDA. The results help to understand how the SW and PW ions impact the rheology 
      of fracturing fluids.
CI  - (c) 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.
FAU - Othman, Amro
AU  - Othman A
AD  - Department of Petroleum Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & 
      Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Murtaza, Mobeen
AU  - Murtaza M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4279-4665
AD  - Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum & 
      Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Aljawad, Murtada Saleh
AU  - Aljawad MS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-3540-6807
AD  - Department of Petroleum Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & 
      Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
AD  - Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum & 
      Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Kamal, Muhammad Shahzad
AU  - Kamal MS
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-2359-836X
AD  - Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum & 
      Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Mahmoud, Mohamed
AU  - Mahmoud M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4395-9567
AD  - Department of Petroleum Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & 
      Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
AD  - Center for Integrative Petroleum Research, King Fahd University of Petroleum & 
      Minerals, 31261 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Kalgaonkar, Rajendra A
AU  - Kalgaonkar RA
AD  - EXPECR ARC, Saudi Aramco, 31311 Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221225
PL  - United States
TA  - ACS Omega
JT  - ACS omega
JID - 101691658
PMC - PMC9835794
COIS- The authors declare no competing financial interest.
EDAT- 2023/01/17 06:00
MHDA- 2023/01/17 06:01
PMCR- 2022/12/25
CRDT- 2023/01/16 02:41
PHST- 2022/10/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/12/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/01/16 02:41 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/01/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/01/17 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/12/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1021/acsomega.2c06356 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - ACS Omega. 2022 Dec 25;8(1):969-975. doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06356. eCollection 
      2023 Jan 10.