PMID- 36670937 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20230201 IS - 2076-3921 (Print) IS - 2076-3921 (Electronic) IS - 2076-3921 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 1 DP - 2022 Dec 29 TI - Hypoxia Affects the Antioxidant Activity of Glutaredoxin 3 in Scylla paramamosain through Hypoxia Response Elements. LID - 10.3390/antiox12010076 [doi] LID - 76 AB - Hypoxia is a major environmental stressor that can damage the oxidation metabolism of crustaceans. Glutaredoxin (Grx) is a key member of the thioredoxin superfamily and plays an important role in the host's defense against oxidative stress. At present, the role of Grx in response to hypoxia in crustaceans remains unclear. In this study, the full-length cDNA of Grx3 (SpGrx3) was obtained from the mud crab Scylla paramamosain, which contains a 129-bp 5' untranslated region, a 981-bp open reading frame, and a 1,183-bp 3' untranslated region. The putative SpGrx3 protein contains an N-terminal thioredoxin domain and two C-terminal Grx domains. SpGrx3 was expressed in all tissues examined, with the highest expression in the anterior gills. After hypoxia, SpGrx3 expression was significantly up-regulated in the anterior gills of mud crabs. The expression of Grx2 and glutathione S-transferases was decreased, while the expression of glutathione peroxidases was increased following hypoxia when SpGrx3 was silenced in vivo. In addition, the total antioxidant capacity of SpGrx3-interfered mud crabs was significantly decreased, and the malondialdehyde content was significantly increased during hypoxia. The subcellular localization data indicated that SpGrx3 was predominantly localized in the nucleus when expressed in Drosophila Schneider 2 (S2) cells. Moreover, overexpression of SpGrx3 reduced the content of reactive oxygen species in S2 cells during hypoxia. To further investigate the transactivation mechanism of SpGrx3 during hypoxia, the promoter region of the SpGrx3 was obtained by Genome Walking and three hypoxia response elements (HREs) were predicted. Dual-luciferase reporter assay results demonstrated that SpGrx3 was likely involved in the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) pathway during hypoxia, which could be mediated through HREs. The results indicated that SpGrx3 is involved in regulating the antioxidant system of mud crabs and plays a critical role in the response to hypoxia. FAU - Jie, Yu-Kun AU - Jie YK AD - Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China. AD - National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China. FAU - Cheng, Chang-Hong AU - Cheng CH AD - Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China. FAU - Ma, Hong-Ling AU - Ma HL AD - Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China. FAU - Liu, Guang-Xin AU - Liu GX AD - Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China. FAU - Fan, Si-Gang AU - Fan SG AD - Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China. FAU - Jiang, Jian-Jun AU - Jiang JJ AD - Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China. FAU - Guo, Zhi-Xun AU - Guo ZX AD - Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China. LA - eng GR - CARS-48/China Agriculture Research System 329 of MOF and MARA (CARS-48)/ GR - 2021B0202040001/Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province/ GR - 2021SD15/Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS/ GR - 2022GH03/Central Public-interest Scientific Institution Basal Research Fund, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, CAFS/ GR - 202206010138/Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Project/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20221229 PL - Switzerland TA - Antioxidants (Basel) JT - Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101668981 PMC - PMC9855028 OTO - NOTNLM OT - HIF-1 OT - HRE OT - Scylla paramamosain OT - glutaredoxin OT - hypoxia COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2023/01/22 06:00 MHDA- 2023/01/22 06:01 PMCR- 2022/12/29 CRDT- 2023/01/21 01:04 PHST- 2022/10/26 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/12/18 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2022/12/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/01/21 01:04 [entrez] PHST- 2023/01/22 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/01/22 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2022/12/29 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - antiox12010076 [pii] AID - antioxidants-12-00076 [pii] AID - 10.3390/antiox12010076 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Antioxidants (Basel). 2022 Dec 29;12(1):76. doi: 10.3390/antiox12010076.