PMID- 36673605
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230201
IS  - 2227-9032 (Print)
IS  - 2227-9032 (Electronic)
IS  - 2227-9032 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 2
DP  - 2023 Jan 12
TI  - Hospitalisations Related to the Combination of ACE Inhibitors and/or Angiotensin 
      Receptor Blockers with Diuretics and NSAIDs: A Post Hoc Analysis on the Risks 
      Associated with Triple Whammy.
LID - 10.3390/healthcare11020238 [doi]
LID - 238
AB  - This post hoc analysis aimed to assess and characterise adverse events (AEs) 
      related to the triple whammy (i.e., combination therapy of ACE inhibitors, ACE-I, 
      and/or angiotensin receptor blockers, ARBs, with diuretics and non-steroidal 
      anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs) leading to emergency department (ED) visits 
      and/or hospitalisations in the Italian setting. The MEREAFaPS database was 
      analysed. ED visits related to co-treatment with ACE-I and/or ARBs, diuretics, 
      and NSAIDs were considered. Information on the AE (including classification, 
      seriousness, and outcome), suspected and concomitant drugs, and concomitant 
      conditions was retrieved and analysed. Logistic regression was used to estimate 
      the reporting odds ratios (RORs) of hospitalisation associated with the drugs of 
      interest. Between 1 January 2007, and 31 December 2018, 80 patients visited the 
      ED for AEs related to the triple whammy, and a total of 261 suspected drugs were 
      involved. Patients were mostly Caucasian females, with a median age of 85 years, 
      and only 9 of them had renal manifestations. In this subset, drug-drug 
      interaction contributed to kidney injury. Most patients presented a Charlson 
      comorbidity index of 4-5. Overall, 47 patients were hospitalised (58.75%), but no 
      significant differences in the risk of hospitalisation were found according to 
      demographic, clinical, or therapeutic features.
FAU - Mattioli, Irene
AU  - Mattioli I
AD  - Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 
      Florence, Italy.
FAU - Bettiol, Alessandra
AU  - Bettiol A
AD  - Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, 50139 
      Florence, Italy.
FAU - Crescioli, Giada
AU  - Crescioli G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1071-6120
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section 
      of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
AD  - Tuscan Regional Centre of Pharmacovigilance, 50139 Florence, Italy.
FAU - Bonaiuti, Roberto
AU  - Bonaiuti R
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section 
      of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
AD  - Tuscan Regional Centre of Pharmacovigilance, 50139 Florence, Italy.
FAU - Mannaioni, Guido
AU  - Mannaioni G
AD  - Toxicology Unit, Poison Control Center, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 
      Florence, Italy.
FAU - Vannacci, Alfredo
AU  - Vannacci A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5259-2026
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section 
      of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
AD  - Tuscan Regional Centre of Pharmacovigilance, 50139 Florence, Italy.
FAU - Lombardi, Niccolo
AU  - Lombardi N
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-9666-0438
AD  - Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section 
      of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Florence, 50139 Florence, Italy.
AD  - Tuscan Regional Centre of Pharmacovigilance, 50139 Florence, Italy.
CN  - MEREAFaPS Study Group
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230112
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Healthcare (Basel)
JT  - Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
JID - 101666525
PMC - PMC9858958
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - ACE inhibitors
OT  - adverse drug reactions
OT  - angiotensin-II-receptor antagonists
OT  - diuretics
OT  - drug safety
OT  - hospitalisations
OT  - nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
OT  - pharmacovigilance
OT  - renal kidney injury
OT  - triple whammy
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/01/22 06:00
MHDA- 2023/01/22 06:01
PMCR- 2023/01/12
CRDT- 2023/01/21 01:19
PHST- 2022/12/21 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/01/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/01/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/01/21 01:19 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/01/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/01/22 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2023/01/12 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - healthcare11020238 [pii]
AID - healthcare-11-00238 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/healthcare11020238 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Healthcare (Basel). 2023 Jan 12;11(2):238. doi: 10.3390/healthcare11020238.