PMID- 36708019
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230426
LR  - 20230528
IS  - 1938-291X (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-0493 (Linking)
VI  - 116
IP  - 2
DP  - 2023 Apr 24
TI  - Baseline Susceptibility and Evidence of Resistance to Acetamiprid in Gill's 
      Mealybug, Ferrisia gilli Gullan (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae).
PG  - 554-559
LID - 10.1093/jee/toad012 [doi]
AB  - Gill's mealybug, Ferrisia gilli (Gullan) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is a major 
      pest of pistachio in California. Insecticide treatment is the primary control 
      method and acetamiprid is widely used to control this pest. However, there have 
      been numerous reports of control failures for F. gilli after field applications 
      of recommended insecticides in recent years. The purpose of this study was to 
      develop a method for routine monitoring of F. gilli susceptibility and quantify 
      current levels of F. gilli susceptibility to acetamiprid. A leaf-dip bioassay 
      method using lima bean leaves was established and baseline susceptibility 
      responses of 5 field populations were determined. Lethal concentrations to kill 
      50% of population (LC50) for second instar nymphs at 48 h ranged from 0.367 to 
      2.398 microg(AI)ml-1 of acetamiprid. Similarly, lethal concentrations to kill 90% of 
      population (LC90) for second instar nymphs at 48 h ranged from 2.887 to 10.752 
      microg(AI)ml-1 of acetamiprid. The F. gilli population collected from Hanford area 
      showed up to 6.5-fold significantly decreased mortality to acetamiprid compared 
      to other populations. The resistance identified in this study, although 
      relatively low, indicates that there has been repeated pressure to select for 
      acetamiprid resistance and resistance levels can further magnify if effective 
      management steps are not taken. The baseline susceptibility established in this 
      study can be used to investigate potential cause of recent acetamiprid failures 
      against F. gilli. In the long-term, results of this study will support the 
      development of resistance management strategies by monitoring shifts in the 
      susceptibility of F. gilli populations.
CI  - Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of 
      America 2023.
FAU - Bansal, Raman
AU  - Bansal R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-7133-0785
AD  - USDA-ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA 93648, 
      USA.
FAU - Hunter, Wayne B
AU  - Hunter WB
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8603-3337
AD  - USDA-ARS, U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL 34945, USA.
FAU - Haviland, David R
AU  - Haviland DR
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-6282-289X
AD  - University of California Cooperative Extension, Kern County, Bakersfield, CA 
      93307, USA.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - England
TA  - J Econ Entomol
JT  - Journal of economic entomology
JID - 2985127R
RN  - 5HL5N372P0 (acetamiprid)
RN  - 0 (Neonicotinoids)
RN  - 0 (Insecticides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Hemiptera
MH  - Gills
MH  - Neonicotinoids
MH  - *Insecticides/pharmacology
MH  - Nymph
MH  - Insecticide Resistance
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Gill's mealybug
OT  - acetamiprid
OT  - baseline susceptibility
OT  - insecticide resistance
OT  - leaf-dip bioassay
EDAT- 2023/01/29 06:00
MHDA- 2023/04/26 06:41
CRDT- 2023/01/28 01:42
PHST- 2022/09/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/04/26 06:41 [medline]
PHST- 2023/01/29 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/01/28 01:42 [entrez]
AID - 7008430 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/jee/toad012 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Econ Entomol. 2023 Apr 24;116(2):554-559. doi: 10.1093/jee/toad012.