PMID- 36713683
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230202
IS  - 2432-7026 (Electronic)
IS  - 2432-7026 (Linking)
VI  - 5
IP  - 4
DP  - 2022 Nov 25
TI  - Human leukocyte antigen allele and haplotype frequencies in Singapore bone marrow 
      donors and cord blood units.
PG  - 99-106
LID - 10.31547/bct-2022-004 [doi]
AB  - We describe the allele and haplotype frequencies seen in a volunteer unrelated 
      bone marrow donor registry, a public cord blood bank, and donor/recipient samples 
      processed by the Health Sciences Authority (HSA) in Singapore. Historical human 
      leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing reports were anonymized and combined. They were 
      checked for HLA typing nomenclature discrepancies or ambiguities using the 
      HLA-net UNIFORMATE tool, and for analysis, the validated data were subsequently 
      separated into Chinese, Malay, Indian, and "Others," according to the race 
      classification system used in Singapore. Individual ethnic allele and haplotype 
      frequencies were calculated with the HLA-net GENE[RATE] pipeline using basic 
      statistics. The Basic Statistics Tool of HLA-net was used to estimate haplotype 
      frequency using an expectation maximization algorithm, given a set of 
      multi-allelic data pairs for a given HLA locus. The outputs downloaded from the 
      site comprised plain text files with haplotype frequency estimates, results of a 
      global linkage disequilibrium test, and standardized residuals (stdres) 
      corresponding to deviations from expected frequencies. HLA typing results from 
      59,186 individuals met the inclusion criteria, yielding 118,372 analyzable 
      alleles. In our study population, the haplotype 
      A*33:03-B*58:01-C*03:02-DRB1*03:01～DQB1*02:01:01G with a frequency of 4.91% was 
      the most common. This haplotype was also the most common among Singaporean 
      Chinese donors. Consistent with the predominant Chinese population, haplotypes 
      with a frequency greater than 1% were also the most frequently observed 
      haplotypes in the Singaporean population. In the Malay donor population, the most 
      common haplotype was A*33:03～B*44:03～C*07:01:01G～ DRB1*07:01-DQB1*02:01:01G, with 
      a frequency of 3.41%, whereas within the Indian donor population, the most common 
      haplotype was A*01:01-B*57:01-C*06:02～DRB1*07:01-DQB1*03:03, with a frequency of 
      3.42%. Haplotype diversity and composition statistics within donor pools provide 
      HLA background data required for the targeted recruitment of donors to support 
      the hematopoietic stem cell donor requirements of the country. These data may be 
      used in the future to devise donor recruitment strategies for optimizing the 
      donor pool through targeted publicity and accruals.
CI  - Copyright Ⓒ2022 Asia-Pacific Blood and Marrow Transplantation Group (APBMT).
FAU - Yu-Jin, Alvin Ng
AU  - Yu-Jin AN
AD  - National University Hospital, Singapore.
FAU - Moshi, Grace Benjamin
AU  - Moshi GB
AD  - KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore.
AD  - Health Sciences Authority, Singapore.
FAU - Prasath, Arun
AU  - Prasath A
AD  - Singapore Cord Blood Bank, Singapore.
FAU - Chan, Marieta
AU  - Chan M
AD  - Health Sciences Authority, Singapore.
FAU - Michelle, Poon Limei
AU  - Michelle PL
AD  - National University Hospital, Singapore.
FAU - Charles, Loh Chee Khiong
AU  - Charles LCK
AD  - Bone Marrow Donor Programme, Singapore.
FAU - Cho, Louise
AU  - Cho L
AD  - Bone Marrow Donor Programme, Singapore.
FAU - Voon, Valerie
AU  - Voon V
AD  - Health Sciences Authority, Singapore.
FAU - Jing, Seng Zi
AU  - Jing SZ
AD  - Bone Marrow Donor Programme, Singapore.
FAU - Yen, Phang Chew
AU  - Yen PC
AD  - Health Sciences Authority, Singapore.
FAU - Ho, Aloysius Yew Leng
AU  - Ho AYL
AD  - Singapore Cord Blood Bank, Singapore.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20221111
PL  - Japan
TA  - Blood Cell Ther
JT  - Blood cell therapy
JID - 9918333884906676
PMC - PMC9873421
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - HLA
OT  - allele
OT  - frequency
OT  - haplotype
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. Disclosure forms provided by the 
      authors are available on the website.
EDAT- 2023/01/31 06:00
MHDA- 2023/01/31 06:01
PMCR- 2022/11/11
CRDT- 2023/01/30 04:18
PHST- 2022/05/30 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/08/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/01/30 04:18 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/01/31 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/01/31 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2022/11/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.31547/bct-2022-004 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Blood Cell Ther. 2022 Nov 11;5(4):99-106. doi: 10.31547/bct-2022-004. eCollection 
      2022 Nov 25.