PMID- 36723183 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230315 LR - 20230315 IS - 2047-4849 (Electronic) IS - 2047-4830 (Linking) VI - 11 IP - 6 DP - 2023 Mar 14 TI - Injectable thermosensitive hydrogel to modulate tolerogenic dendritic cells under hyperglycemic condition. PG - 2091-2102 LID - 10.1039/d2bm01881k [doi] AB - Hyperglycemia associated with diabetes mellitus is a significant risk factor for periodontitis and it polarizes the immune cells towards an inflammatory state. Specific biomaterials can deliver therapeutic or immunomodulatory agents to regulate the excessive periodontal inflammation. Dendritic cells (DCs) bridge the innate and adaptive immune systems and are crucially involved in periodontitis. Thus, targeting DCs is an attractive treatment option for diabetic periodontitis, which, by modulating the downstream adaptive immune cells could regulate the host immune responses. In this study, a chitosan-based thermosensitive injectable self-assembled hydrogel (TISH) was developed to modulate DCs towards a tolerogenic phenotype, which can induce regulatory T-cells to attenuate inflammation and promote healing. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and resveratrol were loaded into TISH (TISH(G + R)) and were sustainably released. TISH demonstrated good biocompatibility and cell penetration in its porous structure. DCs grown in TISH(G + R) under an in vitro hyperglycemic condition showed reduced maturation and activation markers such as CD80, CD83 and CD86, while simultaneously upregulated tolerogenic genes such as FOXP3, SOCS3, TGFss and IL10. Co-culture of these tolerogenic DCs with naive T-cells induced regulatory T-cells differentiation, evidenced by elevated gene expressions of FOXP3, TGFbeta and IL-10. In vivo subcutaneous injection of TISH (G + R) into the mice showed significant infiltration of DCs and regulatory T-cells. In conclusion, TISH was developed and optimized as an injectable hydrogel to modulate DCs towards the tolerogenic phenotype and induce regulatory T-cells under hyperglycemia. TISH has promising potential to improve periodontal parameters in diabetic periodontitis. FAU - Zhu, Yi AU - Zhu Y AD - Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada. Annie.Shrestha@dentistry.utoronto.ca. FAU - Winer, Daniel AU - Winer D AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. AD - Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA. AD - Division of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Diabetes Research Group, Toronto General Hospital Research Institute (TGHRI), University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada. AD - Department of Pathology, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada. FAU - Goh, Cynthia AU - Goh C AD - Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 George Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3H6, Canada. AD - Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, 84 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E4, Canada. FAU - Shrestha, Annie AU - Shrestha A AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6845-9668 AD - Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, 124 Edward Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1G6, Canada. Annie.Shrestha@dentistry.utoronto.ca. AD - Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230314 PL - England TA - Biomater Sci JT - Biomaterials science JID - 101593571 RN - 0 (Hydrogels) RN - 0 (Forkhead Transcription Factors) SB - IM MH - Mice MH - Animals MH - *Hydrogels/metabolism MH - Inflammation/metabolism MH - *Hyperglycemia/metabolism MH - Dendritic Cells MH - Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism MH - Cell Differentiation EDAT- 2023/02/02 06:00 MHDA- 2023/03/16 06:00 CRDT- 2023/02/01 09:28 PHST- 2023/02/02 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/03/16 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2023/02/01 09:28 [entrez] AID - 10.1039/d2bm01881k [doi] PST - epublish SO - Biomater Sci. 2023 Mar 14;11(6):2091-2102. doi: 10.1039/d2bm01881k.