PMID- 36726139 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230203 LR - 20230204 IS - 1746-6148 (Electronic) IS - 1746-6148 (Linking) VI - 19 IP - 1 DP - 2023 Feb 1 TI - Effects of a water-soluble formulation of tylvalosin on disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus alone in sows or in combination with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in piglets. PG - 31 LID - 10.1186/s12917-023-03571-x [doi] LID - 31 AB - BACKGROUND: The effect of a water-soluble formulation of tylvalosin (Aivlosin(R) 625 mg/g granules) on disease caused by porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (Mhyop) was investigated in two animal studies. In a PRRSV challenge model in pregnant sows (n = 18), six sows received water medicated at target dose of 5 mg tylvalosin/kg body weight/day from 3 days prior to challenge until the end of gestation. Six sows were left untreated, with a third group remaining untreated and unchallenged. Sows were challenged with PRRSV-2 at approximately 85 days of gestation. Cytokines, viremia, viral shedding, sow reproductive parameters and piglet performance to weaning were evaluated. In a dual infection study (n = 16), piglets were challenged with Mhyop on days 0, 1 and 2, and with PRRSV-1 on day 14 and euthanized on day 24. From day 10 to 20, eight piglets received water medicated at target dose of 20 mg tylvalosin/kg body weight/day and eight piglets were left untreated. Cytokines, viremia, bacteriology and lung lesions were evaluated. RESULTS: In the PRRSV challenge study in pregnant sows, tylvalosin significantly reduced the levels of serum IL-8 (P < 0.001), IL-12 (P = 0.032), TNFalpha (P < 0.001) and GM-CSF (P = 0.001). IL-8 (P = 0.100) tended to be lower in uterus of tylvalosin sows. All piglets from tylvalosin sows surviving to weaning were PRRSV negative in faecal swabs at weaning compared to 33.3% PRRSV positive piglets from untreated sows (P = 0.08). In the dual challenge study in piglet, tylvalosin reduced serum IL1beta, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12, IL-1alpha, IL-13, IL-17A, IL-18, GM-CSF, TGFbeta1, TNFalpha, CCL3L1, MIG, PEPCAM-1 (P < 0.001) and increased serum IFNalpha, IL-1ra and MIP-1b (P < 0.001). In the lungs, tylvalosin reduced IL-8, IL-10 and IL-12 compared to untreated pigs (P < 0.001) and tended to reduce TNFalpha (P = 0.082). Lung lavage samples from all tylvalosin treated piglets were negative for Mhyop (0 cfu/mL) compared to the untreated piglets which had mean Mhyop counts of 2.68 x 10(4) cfu/mL (P = 0.023). CONCLUSION: Overall, tylvalosin reduced both local and systemic proinflammatory cytokines after challenge with respiratory pathogens in sows and in piglets. Tylvalosin was effective in reducing Mhyop recovery from the lungs and may reduce virus shedding in piglets following transplacental PRRSV infection in sows. CI - (c) 2023. The Author(s). FAU - Rodriguez, Alfonso Lopez AU - Rodriguez AL AD - ECO Animal Health Ltd, London, UK. alfonso.lopez@ecoanimalhealth.com. FAU - Fowler, Veronica L AU - Fowler VL AD - ECO Animal Health Ltd, London, UK. FAU - Huether, Michael AU - Huether M AD - ECO Animal Health Ltd, London, UK. FAU - Reddick, David AU - Reddick D AD - Moredun Scientific Ltd, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik, Midlothian, EH26 0PZ, UK. FAU - Tait-Burkard, Christine AU - Tait-Burkard C AD - The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK. FAU - O'Shea, Marie AU - O'Shea M AD - The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK. FAU - Perkins, Stephanie AU - Perkins S AD - RTI, LLC, 801 32nd Ave, Brookings, SD, 57006, USA. FAU - Dias, Nirosh AU - Dias N AD - RTI, LLC, 801 32nd Ave, Brookings, SD, 57006, USA. FAU - Buterbaugh, Robin AU - Buterbaugh R AD - RTI, LLC, 801 32nd Ave, Brookings, SD, 57006, USA. FAU - Benchaoui, Hafid A AU - Benchaoui HA AD - ECO Animal Health Ltd, London, UK. LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230201 PL - England TA - BMC Vet Res JT - BMC veterinary research JID - 101249759 RN - 83869-56-1 (Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor) RN - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) RN - 130068-27-8 (Interleukin-10) RN - 9T02S42WQO (tylvalosin) RN - 0 (Interleukin-8) RN - 0 (Cytokines) RN - 187348-17-0 (Interleukin-12) SB - IM MH - Pregnancy MH - Swine MH - Animals MH - Female MH - *Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus MH - Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor MH - *Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome/drug therapy MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha MH - Interleukin-10 MH - *Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae MH - Viremia/veterinary MH - Interleukin-8 MH - Cytokines MH - Interleukin-12 MH - Body Weight MH - *Swine Diseases/drug therapy PMC - PMC9890818 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Immunomodulation OT - Macrolide OT - Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae OT - PRRS OT - Porcine reproductive and respiratory virus OT - Pro-inflammatory cytokines OT - Tylvalosin COIS- Authors VLF, ALR and HB are employees of ECO Animal Health which manufactures Aivolosin(R) 62.5% Water Soluble Granules used as the water treatment in this study. MH is a consultant for ECO Animal Health. Moredun Scientific, RTI and the Roslin Institue are independent scientific research organisations. ECO Animal Health supplied the Aivlosin(R) used in these studies. This association did not in any way affect or influence the results of the study. EDAT- 2023/02/03 06:00 MHDA- 2023/02/04 06:00 PMCR- 2023/02/01 CRDT- 2023/02/02 00:09 PHST- 2022/07/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/01/09 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/02/02 00:09 [entrez] PHST- 2023/02/03 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/02/04 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2023/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12917-023-03571-x [pii] AID - 3571 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12917-023-03571-x [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Vet Res. 2023 Feb 1;19(1):31. doi: 10.1186/s12917-023-03571-x.