PMID- 36727321
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230203
LR  - 20230601
IS  - 1998-3689 (Electronic)
IS  - 0301-4738 (Print)
IS  - 0301-4738 (Linking)
VI  - 71
IP  - 2
DP  - 2023 Feb
TI  - Effect of dexamethasone implant on intraocular cytokines in diabetic macular 
      edema.
PG  - 363-368
LID - 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1280_22 [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: Our primary aim was to evaluate intraocular cytokines (IC) before and 
      after dexamethasone in diabetic macular edema (DME). Our secondary aim was to 
      study the early and late effects of single dexamethasone implant in DME. METHODS: 
      This before and after comparative study was conducted at the Department of 
      Ophthalmology and Centre for Nanosciences at a quaternary referral center in 
      Kerala, India, from September 2016 to September 2018. Patients underwent complete 
      ophthalmological examination and cytokine analysis before and after dexamethasone 
      implant. Levels of cytokines at baseline and repeat sample were studied. RESULTS: 
      Twenty-seven eyes (21 patients) were divided into two groups depending on time 
      from baseline to second injection. Group 1 included patients with <3 months 
      between the two samples - 12 (44.4%). Group 2 included patients with >3 months 
      between the two samples -15 (55.6%). Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and 
      central macular thickness (CMT) improved significantly post-dexamethasone in 
      group 1, but not in group 2. Interleukin (IL)-4, IL-6, IL-10, vascular 
      endothelial growth factor (VEGF), IL-1beta, interferon-gamma inducible protein-10 
      (IP-10), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and IL-2 decreased 
      post-injection in group 1. But cytokines increased post-dexamethasone in group 2, 
      except IL-10. When compared to baseline, IL-6 reduced to half in group 1 (P-value 
      0.814) and it tripled in group 2 ( P-value 0.009). The level of VEGF in the first 
      and second samples was not different in either group. CONCLUSION: Our study 
      suggests that dexamethasone acts more on IC than VEGF in DME. This is significant 
      in the first 3 months with a rebound effect on IL-6 after 3 months. Our study 
      also suggests that repeat injection of DEX in DME should be done at 3 months to 
      prevent deterioration of visual acuity (VA) and worsening of CMT.
FAU - Pillai, Gopal S
AU  - Pillai GS
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, 
      India.
FAU - Gupta, Akanksha
AU  - Gupta A
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, 
      India.
FAU - Xavier, Tessy
AU  - Xavier T
AD  - Department of Nanosciences, Amrita Centre for Nanosciences, Amrita Institute of 
      Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India.
FAU - Radhakrishnan, Natasha
AU  - Radhakrishnan N
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, 
      India.
FAU - Menon, Krishnakumar N
AU  - Menon KN
AD  - Department of Nanosciences, Amrita Centre for Nanosciences, Amrita Institute of 
      Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, India.
FAU - Rasheed, Rehna
AU  - Rasheed R
AD  - Department of Ophthalmology, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, 
      India.
FAU - Ravindran, Greeshma C
AU  - Ravindran GC
AD  - Department of Biostatistics, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, Kerala, 
      India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - India
TA  - Indian J Ophthalmol
JT  - Indian journal of ophthalmology
JID - 0405376
RN  - 0 (Glucocorticoids)
RN  - 7S5I7G3JQL (Dexamethasone)
RN  - 0 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A)
RN  - 130068-27-8 (Interleukin-10)
RN  - 0 (Cytokines)
RN  - 0 (Interleukin-6)
RN  - 0 (Drug Implants)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Macular Edema/diagnosis/drug therapy/etiology
MH  - Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use
MH  - Dexamethasone/therapeutic use
MH  - *Diabetic Retinopathy/complications/diagnosis/drug therapy
MH  - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
MH  - Interleukin-10/therapeutic use
MH  - Cytokines/metabolism
MH  - Interleukin-6/therapeutic use
MH  - Drug Implants
MH  - Intravitreal Injections
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus
PMC - PMC10228953
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Cytokines
OT  - dexamethasone
OT  - diabetic macular edema
COIS- None
EDAT- 2023/02/03 06:00
MHDA- 2023/02/04 06:00
PMCR- 2023/02/01
CRDT- 2023/02/02 03:55
PHST- 2023/02/02 03:55 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/02/03 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/04 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2023/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - IndianJOphthalmol_2023_71_2_363_368925 [pii]
AID - IJO-71-363 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1280_22 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Indian J Ophthalmol. 2023 Feb;71(2):363-368. doi: 10.4103/ijo.IJO_1280_22.