PMID- 36733289 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230206 LR - 20230327 IS - 2296-2565 (Electronic) IS - 2296-2565 (Linking) VI - 10 DP - 2022 TI - The link between diabetic retinal and renal microvasculopathy is associated with dyslipidemia and upregulated circulating level of cytokines. PG - 1040319 LID - 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1040319 [doi] LID - 1040319 AB - PURPOSE: To investigate the mechanisms underlying the correlations between diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic nephropathy (DKD) and examine whether circulating cytokines and dyslipidemia contribute to both DR and DKD in patients with 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS: A total of 122 patients with T2DM were enrolled and categorized into the DM group (without no DR and DKD), DR group [non-proliferative DR (NPDR), and proliferative DR (PDR)] with no DKD), DR complicated with DKD groups (DR+DKD group). The biochemical profile, including fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and lipid profile were estimated, and plasma inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines [monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A, C, D, and placental growth factor (PlGF)] were analyzed by protein microarrays. The atherogenic plasma index (API) was defined as low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C); atherogenic index (AI) was calculated as [(total cholesterol (TC) -HDL-C)/HDL-C], and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was defined as log (TG/HDL-C). RESULTS: By multivariable disordered regression analysis, after controlling for duration of DM and hypertension, LDL-C (p = 0.019) and VEGF-D (p = 0.029) resulted as independent risk factors for DR. Albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) (p = 0.003) was an independent risk factor for DR with DKD. In DR, NPDR, and PDR groups, grades of A1, A2, and A3 of albuminuria increased with the severity of DR. In A1, A2, and A3 grade groups, the severity of DR (DM, NPDR, and PDR) increased with higher albuminuria grades. Kendall's tau-b correlation coefficient analysis revealed that FBG (p = 0.019), circulating level of PlGF (p = 0.002), and VEGF-D (p = 0.008) were significantly positively correlated with the grades of uACR (p < 0.001), and uACR grades were significantly correlated with DR severity (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The occurrence and severity of DR are closely correlated with kidney dysfunction. Among the three kidney functional parameters, uACR resulted as the better indicator of DR severity and progression than glomerular filtration (eGFR) and serum creatinine (Scr). Impaired FBG was associated with microalbuminuria, emphasizing that well-controlled FBG is important for both DR and DKD. The link between diabetic retinal and renal microvasculopathy was associated with dyslipidemia and upregulated circulating level of angiogenic cytokines. CI - Copyright (c) 2023 Chen, Zhang, Gong, Yang, Zhang, Wang, Wang and Xie. FAU - Chen, Xiaosi AU - Chen X AD - Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. AD - Beijing Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Diseases Study Group, Beijing, China. FAU - Zhang, Xinyuan AU - Zhang X AD - Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. AD - Beijing Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Diseases Study Group, Beijing, China. FAU - Gong, Zhizhong AU - Gong Z AD - Division of Medical Affairs, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. FAU - Yang, Yang AU - Yang Y AD - Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. AD - Beijing Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Diseases Study Group, Beijing, China. FAU - Zhang, Xiaohong AU - Zhang X AD - Clinical Laboratory of Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. FAU - Wang, Qiyun AU - Wang Q AD - Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. AD - Beijing Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Diseases Study Group, Beijing, China. FAU - Wang, Yanhong AU - Wang Y AD - Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Basic Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China. FAU - Xie, Rui AU - Xie R AD - Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China. AD - Beijing Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Diseases Study Group, Beijing, China. LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20230117 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Public Health JT - Frontiers in public health JID - 101616579 RN - 0 (Cytokines) RN - 0 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A) RN - 0 (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D) RN - 0 (Cholesterol, LDL) RN - 144589-93-5 (Placenta Growth Factor) RN - 0 (Interleukin-6) SB - IM MH - Humans MH - Female MH - Cytokines MH - *Diabetic Retinopathy MH - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A MH - Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor D MH - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications MH - Albuminuria/complications MH - Cholesterol, LDL MH - Placenta Growth Factor MH - Kidney MH - Interleukin-6 MH - *Dyslipidemias PMC - PMC9886881 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Albumin-to-creatinine ratio OT - cytokines OT - diabetes mellitus OT - diabetic kidney disease OT - diabetic retinopathy OT - dyslipidemia OT - fasting blood glucose COIS- The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The handling editor declared a shared affiliation with the author YW at the time of review. EDAT- 2023/02/04 06:00 MHDA- 2023/02/07 06:00 PMCR- 2023/01/17 CRDT- 2023/02/03 01:53 PHST- 2022/09/09 00:00 [received] PHST- 2022/12/28 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/02/03 01:53 [entrez] PHST- 2023/02/04 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/02/07 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2023/01/17 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1040319 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Public Health. 2023 Jan 17;10:1040319. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1040319. eCollection 2022.