PMID- 36754459
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230210
LR  - 20230227
IS  - 1878-1470 (Electronic)
IS  - 1568-9883 (Linking)
VI  - 122
DP  - 2023 Feb
TI  - Phycotoxins and marine annelids - A global review.
PG  - 102373
LID - S1568-9883(22)00201-3 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102373 [doi]
AB  - Several species of microalgae can produce potent phycotoxins that negatively 
      affect aquatic organisms and their consumers following different exposure routes, 
      as well as toxicokinetic (TK) and toxicodynamic (TD) processes. Benthic organisms 
      are especially vulnerable as they are exposed to both benthic and planktonic 
      species causative of harmful algal blooms (HABs). While benthic algae can come 
      into direct contact with annelids during substrate remobilization, planktonic 
      cells can settle to the bottom mostly during senescence and/or encystment stages, 
      and in shallow and calm waters. We performed a systematic, qualitative review of 
      the literature on the phycotoxin TK and TD processes in marine annelids, 
      summarizing the most relevant findings and general trends. Besides, by using 
      innovative analytical/statistical approaches, we were able to detect patterns and 
      gaps in the current literature, thus pointing to future research directions. We 
      retrieved and analyzed studies involving diarrhetic shellfish toxins (DSTs), 
      paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs), brevetoxins (PbTXs), domoic acid (DA), as well 
      as palytoxin and its congeners, the ovatoxins (treated together as PLTXs). It is 
      worth mentioning that studies evaluating other phycotoxins (e.g., ciguatoxins, 
      yessotoxins) were not found in the literature. The absence of data on PbTXs, PSTs 
      and DA is the largest gap hampering TK assessment in annelids, although some 
      relevant information on TD is already available. Whereas lethal effects from DSTs 
      have not been reported, more potent toxins like PbTXs, PSTs, DA and those grouped 
      as PLTX-like compounds can cause mortality and/or marked decrease in annelid 
      abundance. In addition, phycotoxins have been linked to sublethal effects on 
      annelid cells. Although very sparse, field and laboratory studies offer strong 
      evidence that annelids may be reliable indicators of toxin exposure and their 
      negative effects during both early and later stages of HABs in marine 
      environments. Besides quickly responding to these compounds at both organismic 
      and suborganismic levels, annelids are easily found in areas affected by HABs. 
      The use of annelids in future investigations evaluating the action mechanisms of 
      toxic microalgae on marine invertebrates should be thus encouraged. In this case, 
      the choice for widely dispersed and numerically dominant species of annelids 
      would strengthen the validation and extrapolation of results from risk 
      assessments in areas affected by HABs worldwide.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2022 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Pires, Estela
AU  - Pires E
AD  - Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Parana, Av. Beira Mar s / n, CEP 
      83255-976, PO Box 61, Pontal do Parana, Parana, Brazil. Electronic address: 
      estelapires@ufpr.br.
FAU - Lana, Paulo da Cunha
AU  - Lana PDC
AD  - Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Parana, Av. Beira Mar s / n, CEP 
      83255-976, PO Box 61, Pontal do Parana, Parana, Brazil.
FAU - Mafra, Luiz Laureno Jr
AU  - Mafra LL Jr
AD  - Center for Marine Studies, Federal University of Parana, Av. Beira Mar s / n, CEP 
      83255-976, PO Box 61, Pontal do Parana, Parana, Brazil.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20230106
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Harmful Algae
JT  - Harmful algae
JID - 101128968
RN  - 11050-21-8 (Ciguatoxins)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Ciguatoxins
MH  - Aquatic Organisms
MH  - Harmful Algal Bloom
MH  - *Microalgae/chemistry
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Algal toxins
OT  - Benthic dinoflagellates
OT  - Biomonitoring
OT  - Biotoxins
OT  - Ecotoxicology
OT  - Marine annelids
COIS- Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/02/09 06:00
MHDA- 2023/02/11 06:00
CRDT- 2023/02/08 20:55
PHST- 2022/07/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2022/12/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/12/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/02/08 20:55 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/02/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/11 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1568-9883(22)00201-3 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102373 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Harmful Algae. 2023 Feb;122:102373. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2022.102373. Epub 2023 Jan 
      6.