PMID- 36756911
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230210
LR  - 20230315
IS  - 2386-5857 (Electronic)
IS  - 1137-6821 (Linking)
VI  - 35
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Feb
TI  - Ketamine detection in urine samples from patients poisoned by recreational drugs: 
      epidemiologic, clinical, and toxicologic profiles.
PG  - 6-14
AB  - OBJECTIVES: To describe the epidemiologic, clinical, and toxicologic profiles of 
      patients who used recreational ketamine and experienced acute poisoning. MATERIAL 
      AND METHODS: Retrospective observational study of patients attended by several 
      emergency medical services in the Balearic Islands for analytically confirmed 
      acute poisoning after using ketamine between January 2016 and December 2020. 
      Urine samples were analyzed by immunoassay and combined gas chromatography and 
      mass spectrometry. RESULTS: One hundred twenty-two patients were studied. The 
      mean (SD) age was 26.7 (6.5) years. The majority were men (77.9%) and not 
      residents of the Balearic Islands (74.6%). Poisoning cases occurred mainly in the 
      summer and in the island of Ibiza (84.4%). Ketamine use was declared by the 
      patient or clinically suspected in 40.2%. The most common clinical signs were 
      tachycardia (43.4%), hypertension (28.7%), mydriasis (27.0%), altered 
      consciousness (25.4%), agitation/aggressiveness (25.4%), and hypothermia (21.3%). 
      Seven patients (5.73%) required admission to the intensive care unit. The drugs 
      most often detected along with ketamine were cocaine, in 93.4%, and 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), in 78.7%. Multiple-drug use combining 
      ketamine, cocaine, and MDMA, or on occasion additional substances, was detected 
      in 98.4%. CONCLUSION: Detection of ketamine in urine samples from patients 
      poisoned by recreational drugs is associated with a characteristic profile: young 
      men who are not residents of the Balearic Islands, who attend electronic music 
      concerts, and who have taken multiple drugs. A substantial percentage of such 
      patients are unaware of drug intake.
FAU - Gomila Muniz, Isabel
AU  - Gomila Muniz I
AD  - Servicio de Analisis Clinicos, Hospital Universitario Son Llatzer, Palma de 
      Mallorca, Baleares, Espana. Grupo de Investigacion en Toxicologia Clinica, 
      Instituto de Investigacion Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma de 
      Mallorca, Baleares, Espana.
FAU - Ortega Perez, Juan
AU  - Ortega Perez J
AD  - Grupo de Investigacion en Toxicologia Clinica, Instituto de Investigacion 
      Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Espana. 
      Servicio de Urgencias, Unidad de Toxicologia Clinica, Hospital Universitario Son 
      Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Espana.
FAU - Puiguriguer Ferrando, Jordi
AU  - Puiguriguer Ferrando J
AD  - Grupo de Investigacion en Toxicologia Clinica, Instituto de Investigacion 
      Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Espana. 
      Servicio de Urgencias, Unidad de Toxicologia Clinica, Hospital Universitario Son 
      Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Espana.
FAU - Gonzalez, Jesus
AU  - Gonzalez J
AD  - Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Can Misses, Ibiza, Espana.
FAU - Tuero Leon, Gaspar
AU  - Tuero Leon G
AD  - Servicio de Medicina Intensiva, Hospital Can Misses, Ibiza, Espana.
FAU - Barcelo Martin, Bernardino
AU  - Barcelo Martin B
AD  - Grupo de Investigacion en Toxicologia Clinica, Instituto de Investigacion 
      Sanitaria de las Islas Baleares (IdISBa), Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Espana. 
      Servicio de Analisis Clinicos, Unidad de Toxicologia Clinica, Hospital 
      Universitario Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Baleares, Espana. Departamento de 
      Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de las Islas Baleares, Palma de 
      Mallorca, Espana.
LA  - eng
LA  - spa
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Observational Study
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
TT  - Deteccion de ketamina en pacientes intoxicados por drogas recreativas: perfil 
      epidemiologico, clinico y toxicologico.
PL  - Spain
TA  - Emergencias
JT  - Emergencias : revista de la Sociedad Espanola de Medicina de Emergencias
JID - 9805751
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 690G0D6V8H (Ketamine)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - 0 (Poisons)
RN  - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Male
MH  - Humans
MH  - Female
MH  - Adult
MH  - *Illicit Drugs/adverse effects
MH  - *Ketamine/adverse effects/urine
MH  - *N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/urine
MH  - *Poisons
MH  - *Cocaine
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Emergency health services.
OT  - Intoxicacion recreativa aguda.
OT  - Ketamina.
OT  - Ketamine.
OT  - Poisoning, recreational drugs.
OT  - Servicio de urgencias.
EDAT- 2023/02/10 06:00
MHDA- 2023/02/11 06:00
CRDT- 2023/02/09 05:23
PHST- 2023/02/09 05:23 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/02/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/11 06:00 [medline]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Emergencias. 2023 Feb;35(1):6-14.