PMID- 36758175
OWN - NLM
STAT- Publisher
LR  - 20240216
IS  - 2191-0308 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-7554 (Linking)
DP  - 2023 Feb 9
TI  - E-waste in Vietnam: a narrative review of environmental contaminants and 
      potential health risks.
LID - 10.1515/reveh-2022-0233 [doi]
AB  - Informal electronic waste (e-waste) dismantling activities contribute to 
      releasing hazardous compounds in the environment and potential exposure to humans 
      and their health. These hazardous compounds include persistent organic pollutants 
      (POPs), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and heavy metals. This review 
      searched papers addressing hazardous compounds emitted from e-waste recycling 
      activities and their health effects in Vietnam. Based on the keywords searched in 
      three electronic databases (PubMed, Psych Info, and Google scholar), we found 21 
      relevant studies in Vietnam. The review identifies extensive e-waste dismantling 
      activities in Vietnam in the northern region. To measure the environmental 
      exposure to hazardous compounds, samples such as e-waste recycling workshop dust, 
      soil, air, and sediments were assessed, while human exposure levels were measured 
      using participants' hair, serum, or breast milk samples. Studies that compared 
      levels of exposure in e-waste recycling sites and reference sites indicated 
      higher levels of PBDEs, PCBs, and heavy metals were observed in both 
      environmental and human samples from participants in e-waste recycling sites. 
      Among environmental samples, hazardous chemicals were the most detected in dust 
      from e-waste recycling sites. Considering both environmental and human samples, 
      the highest exposure difference observed with PBDE ranged from 2-48-fold higher 
      in e-waste processing sites than in the reference sites. PCBs showed nearly 
      3-fold higher levels in e-waste processing sites than in reference sites. In the 
      e-waste processing sites, age-specific higher PCB levels were observed in older 
      recycler's serum samples. Among the heavy metals, Pb was highly detected in 
      drinking water, indoor soil and human blood samples. While high detection of Ni 
      in cooked rice, Mn in soil and diet, Zn in dust and As in urine were apparent. 
      Exposure assessment from human biomonitoring showed participants, including 
      children and mothers from the e-waste processing areas, had higher carcinogenic 
      and non-carcinogenic risks than the reference sites. This review paper highlights 
      the importance of further comprehensive studies on risk assessments of 
      environmentally hazardous substances and their association with health outcomes 
      at e-waste processing sites.
CI  - (c) 2023 the author(s), published by De Gruyter, Berlin/Boston.
FAU - Poudel, Kritika
AU  - Poudel K
AD  - Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 
      Japan.
AD  - Judith Lumley Centre, School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, 
      Bundoora, VIC, Australia.
FAU - Ketema, Rahel Mesfin
AU  - Ketema RM
AD  - Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 
      Japan.
AD  - Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
AD  - WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical 
      Hazards, Sapporo, Japan.
FAU - Thi Thu Ngo, Hien
AU  - Thi Thu Ngo H
AD  - Faculty of Health Sciences, Thang Long University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
FAU - Ikeda, Atsuko
AU  - Ikeda A
AD  - Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 
      Japan.
AD  - Faculty of Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
AD  - WHO Collaborating Centre for Environmental Health and Prevention of Chemical 
      Hazards, Sapporo, Japan.
FAU - Minatoya, Machiko
AU  - Minatoya M
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-1306-3073
AD  - Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 
      Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20230209
PL  - Germany
TA  - Rev Environ Health
JT  - Reviews on environmental health
JID - 0425754
SB  - IM
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Vietnam
OT  - e-waste processing
OT  - hazardous substances
OT  - health risk assessment
OT  - informal and formal industries
EDAT- 2023/02/10 06:00
MHDA- 2023/02/10 06:00
CRDT- 2023/02/09 15:42
PHST- 2022/11/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/01/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/02/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/10 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2023/02/09 15:42 [entrez]
AID - reveh-2022-0233 [pii]
AID - 10.1515/reveh-2022-0233 [doi]
PST - aheadofprint
SO  - Rev Environ Health. 2023 Feb 9. doi: 10.1515/reveh-2022-0233.