PMID- 36789402
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230217
IS  - 2398-8835 (Electronic)
IS  - 2398-8835 (Linking)
VI  - 6
IP  - 2
DP  - 2023 Feb
TI  - Establishment and validation of reference intervals for tumor markers (AFP, CEA, 
      CA19-9, CA15-3, CA125, PSA, HE4, Cyfra 21-1, and ProGRP) in primary care centers 
      in Korea: A cross-sectional retrospective study.
PG  - e1107
LID - 10.1002/hsr2.1107 [doi]
LID - e1107
AB  - BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The reference interval (RI) for a tumor marker may vary 
      between populations, detection systems, and the methods used to obtain their 
      values. The aims of this study were to establish age- and sex-specific RIs for 
      the following nine common tumor markers and to validate the established RIs in 
      Korean adults: alpha fetoprotein (AFP), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cancer 
      antigen (CA) 19-9, CA15-3, CA125, Human epididymis protein 4 (HE4), total 
      prostate specific antigen, cytokeratin fragment (Cyfra) 21-1, and 
      progastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP). METHODS: This cross-sectional study 
      consecutively selected 214,159 individuals (aged 18-98 years) who underwent 
      health checkups at 16 health-promotion centers in 13 Korean cities. Finally, 
      62,752 examinees were used to establish the RIs after removing outliers. RIs were 
      established using an indirect method according to the CLSI EP28-A3C guideline. 
      The established RIs were validated by calculating the proportion of individuals 
      outside each RI. RESULTS: Sex-related differences were observed for AFP, CEA, 
      CA19-9, Cyfra 21-1, and ProGRP (p < 0.05): AFP, CEA and Cyfra 21-1 were higher in 
      males, and CA19-9 and proGRP were higher in females. Most of the tumor markers 
      except CA15-3 and CA125 increased with age: CA125 decreased at >/=50 years of age 
      (p < 0.05), while CA15-3 did not vary with age. Less than 5% of subjects were 
      outside all RIs (the 2.5th and 97.5th percentiles) established in the present 
      study. Meanwhile, less than 3% of the healthy reference subjects fell outside the 
      current and manufacturers' RIs of all tumor markers except Cyfra 21-1. 
      CONCLUSION: This study has determined age- and sex-specific RIs for nine common 
      tumor markers in the healthy Korean population, which could be useful for 
      clinicians making clinical decisions and assessments.
CI  - (c) 2023 The Authors. Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.
FAU - Nah, Eun-Hee
AU  - Nah EH
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-0637-4364
AD  - Health Promotion Research Institute Korea Association of Health Promotion Seoul 
      Korea.
FAU - Cho, Seon
AU  - Cho S
AD  - Health Promotion Research Institute Korea Association of Health Promotion Seoul 
      Korea.
FAU - Park, Hyeran
AU  - Park H
AD  - Health Promotion Research Institute Korea Association of Health Promotion Seoul 
      Korea.
FAU - Kim, Suyoung
AU  - Kim S
AD  - Health Promotion Research Institute Korea Association of Health Promotion Seoul 
      Korea.
FAU - Kwon, Eunjoo
AU  - Kwon E
AD  - Health Promotion Research Institute Korea Association of Health Promotion Seoul 
      Korea.
FAU - Cho, Han-Ik
AU  - Cho HI
AD  - MEDIcheck LAB Korea Association of Health Promotion Seoul Korea.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230211
PL  - United States
TA  - Health Sci Rep
JT  - Health science reports
JID - 101728855
PMC - PMC9919475
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - age-specific reference interval
OT  - reference interval
OT  - tumor marker
OT  - validation
COIS- This authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/02/16 06:00
MHDA- 2023/02/16 06:01
PMCR- 2023/02/11
CRDT- 2023/02/15 02:13
PHST- 2022/10/10 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/01/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/01/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/02/15 02:13 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/02/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/16 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2023/02/11 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - HSR21107 [pii]
AID - 10.1002/hsr2.1107 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Health Sci Rep. 2023 Feb 11;6(2):e1107. doi: 10.1002/hsr2.1107. eCollection 2023 
      Feb.