PMID- 36793022 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20230223 LR - 20230223 IS - 1472-6874 (Electronic) IS - 1472-6874 (Linking) VI - 23 IP - 1 DP - 2023 Feb 15 TI - Oral contraceptive pill (OCP) treatment alters the gene expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) women compared to drug-naive PCOS women. PG - 68 LID - 10.1186/s12905-023-02187-5 [doi] LID - 68 AB - BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) presents clinical symptoms of menstrual abnormalities, excessive hair growth (hirsutism), scalp hair loss, acne and infertility. Metabolic abnormalities such as obesity, insulin resistance, glucose intolerance and cardiovascular problems constitute an essential part of PCOS, all of which can have significant long-term health consequences. Low-grade chronic inflammation demonstrated by persistent moderately elevated serum levels of inflammatory and coagulatory markers plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of PCOS. Oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) constitute the mainstay of pharmacologic therapy for women with PCOS to regularize cyclicity and ameliorate androgen excess. On the other hand, OCP use is associated with various venous thromboembolic and proinflammatory events in the general population. PCOS women always carriers the increased lifetime risk of these events. The studies on the effect of OCPs on inflammatory, coagulation and metabolic parameters in PCOS are less robust. Therefore in this study, we investigated and compared the messenger RNA (mRNA) expression profiles of genes implicated in inflammatory and coagulation pathways between drug-naive and OCP-treated PCOS women. The selected genes include intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1). Furthermore, the correlation between the selected markers and various metabolic indices in the OCP group has also been explored. METHOD: The relative amounts of ICAM-1, TNF-alpha, MCP-1 and PAI-1 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 25 drug-naive PCOS subjects (controls) and 25 PCOS subjects who received OCPs containing 0.03 mg-ethinyl-estradiol and 0.15 mg-levonorgestrel for at least six months (cases) were estimated using real-time qPCR. The statistical interpretation was conducted using SPSS version 20.0 (SPSS, Inc, Chicago, IL), Epi Info version 2002 (Disease Control and Prevention Centres, Atlanta, GA) and GraphPad Prism 5 (GraphPad Software, La Jolla, CA) software. RESULT: Six months of OCP therapy enhanced the expression of inflammatory genes viz ICAM-1, TNF-alpha and MCP-1 mRNA in PCOS women by 2.54, 2.05 and 1.74 folds, respectively, in this study. However, PAI-1 mRNA in the OCP group showed no significant increase. Furthermore, in cases, ICAM-1 mRNA expression positively correlated with body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.01), fasting insulin (p = 0.01), insulin 2 h p = 0.02), glucose 2 h (p = 0.01) and triglycerides (p = 0.01). TNF-alpha mRNA expression positively correlated with fasting insulin (p = 0.0007). MCP-1 mRNA expression positively correlated with (BMI) (p = 0.002). CONCLUSION: OCPs helped reduce clinical hyperandrogenism and regularise menstrual cycles in women with PCOS. However, OCP use was associated with increased fold expression of inflammatory markers which positively correlated with metabolic abnormalities. CI - (c) 2023. The Author(s). FAU - Yousuf, Syed Douhath AU - Yousuf SD AD - Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sheri- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, SKIMS, Srinagar, J&K, India. FAU - Ganie, Mohammad Ashraf AU - Ganie MA AD - Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sheri- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, SKIMS, Srinagar, J&K, India. FAU - Urwat, Uneeb AU - Urwat U AD - Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sheri- Kashmir Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Shuhama, J&K, India. FAU - Andrabi, Syed Mudasir AU - Andrabi SM AD - Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sheri- Kashmir Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Shuhama, J&K, India. FAU - Zargar, Mohammad Afzal AU - Zargar MA AD - Central University of Kashmir, Ganderbal, J&K, India. FAU - Dar, Mashooq Ahmad AU - Dar MA AD - Division of Animal Biotechnology, Sheri- Kashmir Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Shuhama, J&K, India. FAU - Manzoor-Ul-Rehman, Mir AU - Manzoor-Ul-Rehman M AD - Division of Animal Biochemistry, Sheri- Kashmir Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Shuhama, J&K, India. FAU - Mudassar, Syed AU - Mudassar S AD - Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sheri- Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, SKIMS, Srinagar, J&K, India. FAU - Rashid, Fouzia AU - Rashid F AD - Clinical Biochemistry, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K, India. rashid.fouzia@gmail.com. LA - eng GR - SR/WOS-A/LS-642/2012(G)./DST ,New Delhi, Women scientist scheme/ PT - Comparative Study PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20230215 PL - England TA - BMC Womens Health JT - BMC women's health JID - 101088690 RN - 0 (Chemokine CCL2) RN - 0 (Contraceptives, Oral) RN - 0 (Insulin) RN - 126547-89-5 (Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1) RN - 0 (Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1) RN - 0 (RNA, Messenger) RN - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha) SB - IM MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Body Mass Index MH - Chemokine CCL2/genetics MH - Contraceptives, Oral/therapeutic use MH - Gene Expression MH - Insulin MH - Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1/genetics/therapeutic use MH - Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism MH - Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1/genetics/therapeutic use MH - *Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/drug therapy/genetics MH - RNA, Messenger/metabolism/therapeutic use MH - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha PMC - PMC9933286 OTO - NOTNLM OT - Coagulation OT - Inflammation OT - Insulin resistance OT - Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 OT - Oral contraceptive pill OT - Plasminogen activator inhabitor-1 OT - Polycystic ovary syndrome OT - Tumor necrosis factor-alpha COIS- The authors declare that they have no competing interests. EDAT- 2023/02/17 06:00 MHDA- 2023/02/18 06:00 PMCR- 2023/02/15 CRDT- 2023/02/16 00:35 PHST- 2022/08/02 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/01/20 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/02/16 00:35 [entrez] PHST- 2023/02/17 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/02/18 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2023/02/15 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.1186/s12905-023-02187-5 [pii] AID - 2187 [pii] AID - 10.1186/s12905-023-02187-5 [doi] PST - epublish SO - BMC Womens Health. 2023 Feb 15;23(1):68. doi: 10.1186/s12905-023-02187-5.