PMID- 36798770
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230217
IS  - 2405-8440 (Print)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Electronic)
IS  - 2405-8440 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 2
DP  - 2023 Feb
TI  - Measuring urban expansion pattern using spatial matrices in Khulna City, 
      Bangladesh.
PG  - e13193
LID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13193 [doi]
LID - e13193
AB  - Khulna, the third-largest metropolitan area in Bangladesh, has become a potential 
      site for the polycentric urbanization for multiple mega-projects. Measurement of 
      urban expansion is essential for regulating haphazard growth and achieving 
      effective management. This study aims to quantify and compare the urban expansion 
      pattern of Khulna City Corporation (KCC) and surrounding areas' development 
      hotspots. Landsat remote sensing images of 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 were used to 
      perform supervised classification using Geographic Information System (GIS). To 
      quantify urban expansion, we compute Annual Urban Expansion Rate, Urban Expansion 
      Intensity Index, and Urban Expansion Differentiation Index. Although annual urban 
      expansion in the study area was slow during the first two decades, it accelerated 
      to 6.76% during the last decade. 48% of the total built-up areas have grown 
      during 2010-2020 alone. Even though KCC experienced continuous urban growth over 
      a thirty-year period, after 2010, the rate of urban expansion in peripheral areas 
      exceeded that of KCC. Transboundary and intra-regional transportation and 
      economic corridor development, establishment of economically potential zones 
      (EPZ), urban to rural migration, availability of rich agriculture hinterland, low 
      land price and several direct transportation links between the core and periphery 
      are the major influencing factors of peri-urbanization.
CI  - (c) 2023 The Author(s).
FAU - Alam, Irtija
AU  - Alam I
AD  - Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Khulna University of Engineering & 
      Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh.
FAU - Nahar, Kamrun
AU  - Nahar K
AD  - Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Khulna University of Engineering & 
      Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh.
FAU - Morshed, Md Manjur
AU  - Morshed MM
AD  - Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Khulna University of Engineering & 
      Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230125
PL  - England
TA  - Heliyon
JT  - Heliyon
JID - 101672560
PMC - PMC9925955
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Bangladesh
OT  - Expansion
OT  - Khulna
OT  - Peri-urban
OT  - Urban-hotspot
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2023/02/18 06:00
MHDA- 2023/02/18 06:01
PMCR- 2023/01/25
CRDT- 2023/02/17 02:14
PHST- 2022/08/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/01/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/01/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/02/17 02:14 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/02/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/18 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2023/01/25 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S2405-8440(23)00400-0 [pii]
AID - e13193 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13193 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Heliyon. 2023 Jan 25;9(2):e13193. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13193. eCollection 
      2023 Feb.