PMID- 36803539
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230224
IS  - 0778-7367 (Print)
IS  - 2049-3258 (Electronic)
IS  - 0778-7367 (Linking)
VI  - 81
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 Feb 21
TI  - Relationship between low birth weight and infant mortality: evidence from 
      National Family Health Survey 2019-21, India.
PG  - 28
LID - 10.1186/s13690-023-01037-y [doi]
LID - 28
AB  - BACKGROUND: Low birth weight (LBW) predisposes physical and mental growth failure 
      and premature death among infants. Studies report that LBW predominately explains 
      infant mortality. However, existing studies rarely demonstrate the phenomenon of 
      both observed and unobserved factors, which may influence the likelihood of birth 
      and mortality outcomes simultaneously. In this study, we identified the spatial 
      clustering of the prevalence of LBW along with its determinants. Further, the 
      relationship between of LBW and infant mortality, considering the unobserved 
      factors, has been explored in the study. METHODS: Data for this study have been 
      extracted from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) round 5, 2019-21. We used 
      the directed acyclic graph model to identify the potential predictors of LBW and 
      infant mortality. Moran's I statistics have been used to identify the high-risk 
      areas of LBW. We applied conditional mixed process modelling in Stata software to 
      account for the simultaneous nature of occurrences of the outcomes. The final 
      model has been performed after imputing the missing data of LBW. RESULTS: 
      Overall, in India, 53% of the mothers reported their babies' birth weight by 
      seeing health card, 36% reported by recall, and about 10% of the LBW information 
      was observed as missing. The state/union territory of Punjab and Delhi were 
      observed to have the highest levels of LBW (about 22%) which is much higher than 
      the national level (18%). The effect of LBW was more than four times larger 
      compared to the effect in the analysis which does not account for the 
      simultaneous occurrence of LBW and infant mortality (marginal effect; from 12 to 
      53%). Also, in a separate analysis, the imputation technique has been used to 
      address the missing data. Covariates' effects showed that female children, higher 
      order births, births that occur in Muslim and non-poor families and literate 
      mothers were negatively associated with infant mortality. However, a significant 
      difference was observed in the impact of LBW before and after imputing the 
      missing values. CONCLUSIONS: The current findings showed the significant 
      association of LBW with infant deaths, highlighting the importance of 
      prioritising policies that help improve the birth weight of new-born children 
      that may significantly reduce the infant mortality in India.
CI  - (c) 2023. The Author(s).
FAU - Jana, Arup
AU  - Jana A
AD  - International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India. 
      arupjana0000@gmail.com.
FAU - Saha, Unnati Rani
AU  - Saha UR
AD  - Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, 
      Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
FAU - Reshmi, R S
AU  - Reshmi RS
AD  - International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India.
FAU - Muhammad, T
AU  - Muhammad T
AD  - International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, 400088, India.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230221
PL  - England
TA  - Arch Public Health
JT  - Archives of public health = Archives belges de sante publique
JID - 9208826
PMC - PMC9942291
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Antenatal care
OT  - BMI
OT  - Infant mortality
OT  - Institutional delivery
OT  - LBW
OT  - Preterm birth
COIS- The authors declare no competing interests.
EDAT- 2023/02/22 06:00
MHDA- 2023/02/22 06:01
PMCR- 2023/02/21
CRDT- 2023/02/21 18:08
PHST- 2022/06/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/02/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/02/21 18:08 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/02/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/22 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2023/02/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1186/s13690-023-01037-y [pii]
AID - 1037 [pii]
AID - 10.1186/s13690-023-01037-y [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Arch Public Health. 2023 Feb 21;81(1):28. doi: 10.1186/s13690-023-01037-y.