PMID- 36805986
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230505
LR  - 20230505
IS  - 1532-2548 (Electronic)
IS  - 0032-0889 (Print)
IS  - 0032-0889 (Linking)
VI  - 192
IP  - 1
DP  - 2023 May 2
TI  - Microalgal glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase role in galactolipids and 
      high-value storage lipid biosynthesis.
PG  - 426-441
LID - 10.1093/plphys/kiad091 [doi]
AB  - Glycerolipids are the most abundant lipids in microalgae, and 
      glycerol-3-phosphate:acyl-CoA acyltransferase (GPAT) plays an important role in 
      their biosynthesis. However, the biochemical and biological functions of algal 
      GPAT remain poorly characterized. Here, we characterized the endoplasmic 
      reticulum (ER)-associated GPAT of the model unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas 
      reinhardtii (CrGPATer). Enzymatic assays indicated that CrGPATer is an sn-1 
      acyltransferase using a variety of acyl-CoAs as the acyl donor. Subcellular 
      localization revealed that CrGPATer was associated with ER membranes and lipid 
      droplets. We constructed overexpression (OE) and knockdown (KD) transgenic C. 
      reinhardtii lines to investigate the in vivo function of CrGPATer. Lipidomic 
      analysis indicated that CrGPATer OE enhanced the cellular content of 
      galactolipids, especially monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, under nitrogen deficiency 
      stress. Correspondingly, CrGPATer KD lines contained lower contents of 
      galactolipids than the control. Feeding experiments with labeled phosphatidic 
      acid revealed that the intermediate of the eukaryotic Kennedy pathway could be 
      used for galactolipid biosynthesis in the chloroplasts. These results provided 
      multiple lines of evidence that the eukaryotic Kennedy pathway mediated by 
      CrGPATer may be involved in galactolipid biosynthesis in C. reinhardtii. OE of 
      CrGPATer significantly increased the content of triacylglycerol and the yield of 
      biomass. Moreover, the content and yield of 1, 3-olein-2-palmitin, a high-value 
      lipid that can be used as an alternative for human milk fat in infant formula, 
      were significantly enhanced in the OE transgenic lines. Taken together, this 
      study provided insights into the biochemical and biological functions of CrGPATer 
      and its potential as a genetic engineering target in functional lipid 
      manufacturing.
CI  - (c) The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of American 
      Society of Plant Biologists.
FAU - Zou, Song
AU  - Zou S
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-0411-4844
AD  - Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, 
      Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
AD  - College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of 
      Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
FAU - Lu, Yuanchen
AU  - Lu Y
AD  - Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, 
      Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
AD  - College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of 
      Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
FAU - Ma, Haiyan
AU  - Ma H
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-9964-0056
AD  - Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, 
      Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
FAU - Li, Yanhua
AU  - Li Y
AD  - Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, 
      Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
FAU - Chen, Guanqun
AU  - Chen G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-5790-3903
AD  - Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 
      Edmonton AB T6G 2P5, Canada.
FAU - Han, Danxiang
AU  - Han D
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-4166-9299
AD  - Center for Microalgal Biotechnology and Biofuels, Institute of Hydrobiology, 
      Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China.
FAU - Hu, Qiang
AU  - Hu Q
AD  - CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of 
      Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of 
      Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
AD  - Faculty of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese 
      Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China.
AD  - Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for 
      Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266071, China.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Plant Physiol
JT  - Plant physiology
JID - 0401224
RN  - EC 2.3.- (Acyltransferases)
RN  - 0 (Galactolipids)
RN  - PDC6A3C0OX (Glycerol)
RN  - EC 2.3.1.15 (Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase)
RN  - 0 (Phosphates)
RN  - 0 (Triglycerides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Acyltransferases/metabolism
MH  - *Galactolipids/metabolism
MH  - Glycerol/metabolism
MH  - Glycerol-3-Phosphate O-Acyltransferase/genetics/chemistry/metabolism
MH  - *Microalgae/genetics/metabolism
MH  - Phosphates/metabolism
MH  - Plants/metabolism
MH  - Triglycerides/metabolism
MH  - Lipid Metabolism
PMC - PMC10152646
COIS- Conflict of interest statement. None declared.
EDAT- 2023/02/23 06:00
MHDA- 2023/05/04 12:41
PMCR- 2023/02/21
CRDT- 2023/02/22 10:14
PHST- 2023/01/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/01/22 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/05/04 12:41 [medline]
PHST- 2023/02/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/22 10:14 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/02/21 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 7049290 [pii]
AID - kiad091 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/plphys/kiad091 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Plant Physiol. 2023 May 2;192(1):426-441. doi: 10.1093/plphys/kiad091.