PMID- 36807334
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230405
LR  - 20230405
IS  - 1600-0536 (Electronic)
IS  - 0105-1873 (Linking)
VI  - 88
IP  - 5
DP  - 2023 May
TI  - Retrospective quantitative risk assessment of skin sensitization caused by an 
      antimicrobial agent used in a consumer product: 
      2,3,5,6-Tetrachloro-4-(methylsulfonyl) pyridine.
PG  - 395-401
LID - 10.1111/cod.14294 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Serious cases of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) caused by exposure 
      to 3,5,6-tetrachloro-4-(methylsulfonyl)pyridine (TCMSP; CAS no. 13108-52-6) used 
      as an antimicrobial agent for desk mats have been reported in Japan. OBJECTIVE: A 
      quantitative risk assessment (QRA) of TCMSP contained in desk mats was performed 
      retrospectively. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A local lymph node assay (LLNA): 
      BrdU-ELISA was conducted to determine a reliable EC1.6 value for TCMSP. The 
      acceptable exposure level (AEL) for TCMSP was derived from the EC1.6 value by 
      applying sensitization assessment factors (SAFs). The exposure level was 
      estimated based on the assumption referring to the use conditions of 
      thiabendazole in the same purpose. Then, the estimated exposure level was 
      compared with the AEL to evaluate the skin sensitization risk. RESULTS: The AEL 
      was calculated as 0.00458 mug/cm(2) based on the EC1.6 value (0.011%, 
      2.75 mug/cm(2) ) by applying a composite SAF of 600. The estimated TCMSP exposure 
      level from the desk mat was 500 times greater than the AEL, indicating a serious 
      skin sensitization risk. CONCLUSIONS: Assessments of skin sensitization potencies 
      of chemicals to be used in consumer products are strongly recommended, and QRAs 
      should be performed at the pre-marketing stage to avoid the skin sensitization 
      risk in consumers.
CI  - (c) 2023 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
FAU - Fukushima, Asako
AU  - Fukushima A
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-8913-3173
AD  - Chemicals Assessment and Research Center, Chemicals Evaluation and Research 
      Institute, Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Morioka, Hisako
AU  - Morioka H
AD  - CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan, Hita-shi, Oita, 
      Japan.
FAU - Kobayashi, Toshio
AU  - Kobayashi T
AD  - CERI Hita, Chemicals Evaluation and Research Institute, Japan, Hita-shi, Oita, 
      Japan.
FAU - Katagiri, Ritsuko
AU  - Katagiri R
AD  - Chemicals Assessment and Research Center, Chemicals Evaluation and Research 
      Institute, Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Tanabe, Aiko
AU  - Tanabe A
AD  - Chemicals Assessment and Research Center, Chemicals Evaluation and Research 
      Institute, Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Sakunaga, Mayumi
AU  - Sakunaga M
AD  - Chemicals Assessment and Research Center, Chemicals Evaluation and Research 
      Institute, Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
FAU - Takeyoshi, Masahiro
AU  - Takeyoshi M
AD  - Chemicals Assessment and Research Center, Chemicals Evaluation and Research 
      Institute, Japan, Tokyo, Japan.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230228
PL  - England
TA  - Contact Dermatitis
JT  - Contact dermatitis
JID - 7604950
RN  - 0 (Anti-Infective Agents)
RN  - 0 (Pyridines)
RN  - 0 (Allergens)
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - *Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Skin
MH  - Local Lymph Node Assay
MH  - *Anti-Infective Agents/adverse effects
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Pyridines/adverse effects
MH  - Allergens/adverse effects
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - LLNA: BrdU-ELISA
OT  - TCMSP
OT  - acceptable exposure limits
OT  - allergic contact dermatitis
OT  - quantitative risk assessment
OT  - skin sensitization
EDAT- 2023/02/23 06:00
MHDA- 2023/04/05 06:42
CRDT- 2023/02/22 11:34
PHST- 2023/02/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2022/11/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/02/14 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/04/05 06:42 [medline]
PHST- 2023/02/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/22 11:34 [entrez]
AID - 10.1111/cod.14294 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Contact Dermatitis. 2023 May;88(5):395-401. doi: 10.1111/cod.14294. Epub 2023 Feb 
      28.