PMID- 36821930
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20230328
LR  - 20230328
IS  - 1879-3363 (Electronic)
IS  - 0025-326X (Linking)
VI  - 189
DP  - 2023 Apr
TI  - The X-Press Pearl disaster underscores gross neglect in the environmental 
      management of shipping: Review of future data needs.
PG  - 114728
LID - S0025-326X(23)00159-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114728 [doi]
AB  - The X-Press Pearl disaster has the unfortunate hallmarks of other global 
      container ship disasters that are becoming increasingly common and will continue 
      to cause future environmental damage. Port container throughput is ~830 million 
      twenty-foot equivalents (TEUs), projected to grow for the next four decades at 
      minimum, and industry experts predict that ship sizes will continue to grow to 
      50,000 TEU. Misdeclared content, poor packing, inadequate stowage/lashing, 
      ship-board fires, climate-change-driven intensity of storms, and increasing ship 
      size all ensure increasing environmental damage from container ship maritime 
      disasters. Industry consensus is that the number of containers lost at sea is 
      conspicuously undercounted, and the impact of lost containers is unstudied. This 
      paper reviews specific aspects of the container ship industry that contribute to 
      environmental damage, and then addresses needs for risk, impact assessment and 
      environmental management as pertains to industry operations and container ship 
      disasters such as the X-Press Pearl.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.
FAU - Zhang, Xiaokai
AU  - Zhang X
AD  - Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of 
      Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
FAU - Jiang, Mengyuan
AU  - Jiang M
AD  - Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of 
      Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
FAU - Zhu, Yi
AU  - Zhu Y
AD  - Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of 
      Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
FAU - Li, Boling
AU  - Li B
AD  - School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and 
      Technology, Suzhou 215009, China.
FAU - Wells, Mona
AU  - Wells M
AD  - The Meadows Center for Water and the Environment, Texas State University, San 
      Marcos, TX 78666, USA; Natural Sciences, Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ 07043, 
      USA. Electronic address: mwells@txstate.edu.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20230221
PL  - England
TA  - Mar Pollut Bull
JT  - Marine pollution bulletin
JID - 0260231
SB  - IM
MH  - *Ships
MH  - Conservation of Natural Resources
MH  - *Disasters
MH  - Industry
MH  - Climate Change
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Biodiversity loss
OT  - Ecosystems collapse
OT  - Environmental liability cost
OT  - Global trade
OT  - Largely unregulated industry
OT  - Lost containers
COIS- Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known 
      competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared 
      to influence the work reported in this paper.
EDAT- 2023/02/24 06:00
MHDA- 2023/03/28 17:14
CRDT- 2023/02/23 18:13
PHST- 2022/12/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/02/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/02/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/03/28 17:14 [medline]
PHST- 2023/02/24 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/23 18:13 [entrez]
AID - S0025-326X(23)00159-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114728 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Mar Pollut Bull. 2023 Apr;189:114728. doi: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114728. Epub 
      2023 Feb 21.