PMID- 36829888 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE LR - 20230227 IS - 2076-3921 (Print) IS - 2076-3921 (Electronic) IS - 2076-3921 (Linking) VI - 12 IP - 2 DP - 2023 Jan 31 TI - Protective Effects of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus in Blue Light-Induced Macular Degeneration in A2E-Laden ARPE19 Cells and Retina of Balb/c Mice. LID - 10.3390/antiox12020329 [doi] LID - 329 AB - Natural products with significant antioxidant activity have been receiving attention as one of the treatment strategies to prevent age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI) including oxo-N-retinylidene-N-retinylethanolamine (oxo-A2E) and singlet oxygen-induced damage, are believed to be one of the major causes of the development of AMD. To investigate the therapeutic effects of methanol extracts of Dipterocarpus tuberculatus Roxb. (MED) against blue light (BL)-caused macular degeneration, alterations in the antioxidant activity, apoptosis pathway, neovascularization, inflammatory response, and retinal degeneration were analyzed in A2E-laden ARPE19 cells and Balb/c mice after exposure of BL. Seven bioactive components, including 2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid, epsilon-viniferin, asiatic acid, bergenin, ellagic acid, gallic acid and oleanolic acid, were detected in MED. MED exhibited high DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity. BL-induced increases in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and nitric oxide (NO) concentration were suppressed by MED treatment. A significant recovery of antioxidant capacity by an increase in superoxide dismutase enzyme (SOD) activity, SOD expression levels, and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) expression were detected as results of MED treatment effects. The activation of the apoptosis pathway, the expression of neovascular proteins, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) mediated pathway, inflammasome activation, and expression of inflammatory cytokines was remarkably inhibited in the MED treated group compared to the Vehicle-treated group in the AMD cell model. Furthermore, MED displayed protective effects in BL-induced retinal degeneration through improvement in the thickness of the whole retina, outer nuclear layer (ONL), inner nuclear layer (INL), and photoreceptor layer (PL) in Balb/c mice. Taken together, these results indicate that MED exhibits protective effects in BL-induced retinal degeneration and has the potential in the future to be developed as a treatment option for dry AMD with atrophy of retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. FAU - Lee, Su Jin AU - Lee SJ AD - Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea. FAU - Roh, Yu Jeong AU - Roh YJ AD - Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea. FAU - Kim, Ji Eun AU - Kim JE AD - Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea. FAU - Jin, You Jeong AU - Jin YJ AD - Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea. FAU - Song, Hee Jin AU - Song HJ AD - Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea. FAU - Seol, Ayun AU - Seol A AD - Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea. FAU - Park, So Hae AU - Park SH AD - Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea. FAU - Douangdeuane, Bounleuane AU - Douangdeuane B AD - Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health, Vientiane 0103, Laos. FAU - Souliya, Onevilay AU - Souliya O AD - Institute of Traditional Medicine, Ministry of Health, Vientiane 0103, Laos. FAU - Choi, Sun Il AU - Choi SI AUID- ORCID: 0000-0001-6617-5004 AD - School of Pharmacy, Henan University, Kaifeng 475004, China. FAU - Hwang, Dae Youn AU - Hwang DY AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-5144-1725 AD - Department of Biomaterials Science (BK21 FOUR Program), Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea. AD - Longevity & Wellbeing Research Center, Laboratory Animals Resources Center, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Republic of Korea. LA - eng GR - F21YY8109033/National Research Foundation of Korea/ GR - F22YY8109033/National Research Foundation of Korea/ PT - Journal Article DEP - 20230131 PL - Switzerland TA - Antioxidants (Basel) JT - Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) JID - 101668981 PMC - PMC9952417 OTO - NOTNLM OT - A2E OT - D. tuberculatus OT - age-related macular degeneration OT - antioxidant OT - inflammatory response OT - oxidative stress COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest. EDAT- 2023/02/26 06:00 MHDA- 2023/02/26 06:01 PMCR- 2023/01/31 CRDT- 2023/02/25 01:08 PHST- 2022/12/12 00:00 [received] PHST- 2023/01/22 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2023/01/27 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2023/02/25 01:08 [entrez] PHST- 2023/02/26 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2023/02/26 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2023/01/31 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - antiox12020329 [pii] AID - antioxidants-12-00329 [pii] AID - 10.3390/antiox12020329 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Antioxidants (Basel). 2023 Jan 31;12(2):329. doi: 10.3390/antiox12020329.