PMID- 36831139
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
LR  - 20230228
IS  - 2227-9059 (Print)
IS  - 2227-9059 (Electronic)
IS  - 2227-9059 (Linking)
VI  - 11
IP  - 2
DP  - 2023 Feb 17
TI  - The Role of mTOR and Injury in Developing Salispheres.
LID - 10.3390/biomedicines11020604 [doi]
LID - 604
AB  - Salispheres are the representative primitive cells of salivary glands grown in 
      vitro in a nonadherent system. In this study, we used the ligation model for 
      salisphere isolation after seven days of obstruction of the main excretory duct 
      of the submandibular gland. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a 
      critical signalling pathway involved in many cellular functions and is suggested 
      to play a role in atrophy. We determined the role of mTOR and injury in the 
      formation and development of salispheres. Morphological assessments and Western 
      blot analysis illustrated how mTOR inhibition by rapamycin impaired the assembly 
      of salispheres and how indirect stimulation of mTOR by lithium chloride (LiCl) 
      assisted in the expansion of the salispheres. The use of rapamycin highlighted 
      the necessity of mTOR for the development of salispheres as it affected the 
      morphology and inhibited the phosphorylation of the eukaryotic translation 
      initiation factor 4E-binding protein (4e-bp1). mTOR activity also appeared to be 
      a crucial regulator for growing salispheres, even from the ligated gland. 
      However, atrophy induced by ductal ligation resulted in a morphological 
      alteration. The phosphorylation of 4e-bp1 and S6 ribosomal protein in cultured 
      salispheres from ligated glands suggests that mTOR was not responsible for the 
      morphological modification, but other unexplored factors were involved. This 
      exploratory study indicates that active mTOR is essential for growing healthy 
      salispheres. In addition, mTOR stimulation by LiCl could effectively play a role 
      in the expansion of salispheres. The impact of atrophy on salispheres suggests a 
      complex mechanism behind the morphological alteration, which requires further 
      investigation.
FAU - Saleem, Rimah
AU  - Saleem R
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0002-4654-245X
AD  - College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Al Takhassousi, Riyadh 11533, Saudi 
      Arabia.
FAU - Carpenter, Guy
AU  - Carpenter G
AUID- ORCID: 0000-0003-3084-3415
AD  - Salivary Research, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dental, 
      Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London SE1 9RT, UK.
LA  - eng
GR  - Saudi Arabia's Ministry of Education Sponsorship Program/Saudi Arabia's Ministry 
      of Education Sponsorship Program/
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20230217
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Biomedicines
JT  - Biomedicines
JID - 101691304
PMC - PMC9953188
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - LiCl
OT  - ligation
OT  - mTOR
OT  - salispheres
OT  - salivary glands
COIS- The authors declare no conflict of interest.
EDAT- 2023/02/26 06:00
MHDA- 2023/02/26 06:01
PMCR- 2023/02/17
CRDT- 2023/02/25 01:32
PHST- 2023/01/20 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2023/02/13 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2023/02/15 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2023/02/25 01:32 [entrez]
PHST- 2023/02/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2023/02/26 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2023/02/17 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - biomedicines11020604 [pii]
AID - biomedicines-11-00604 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/biomedicines11020604 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Biomedicines. 2023 Feb 17;11(2):604. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines11020604.